Acute Endocrine and Force Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Same-Session Combined Strength and Endurance Training in Women
ABSTRACTEklund, D, Schumann, M, Kraemer, WJ, Izquierdo, M, Taipale, RS, and Häkkinen, K. Acute endocrine and force responses and long-term adaptations to same-session combined strength and endurance training in women. J Strength Cond Res 30(1)164–175, 2016—This study examined acute hormone and force...
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| description | ABSTRACTEklund, D, Schumann, M, Kraemer, WJ, Izquierdo, M, Taipale, RS, and Häkkinen, K. Acute endocrine and force responses and long-term adaptations to same-session combined strength and endurance training in women. J Strength Cond Res 30(1)164–175, 2016—This study examined acute hormone and force responses and strength and endurance performance and muscle hypertrophy before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined strength and endurance training in previously untrained women. Subjects were assigned 1 of 2 training ordersendurance preceding strength (E + S, n = 15) or vice versa (S + E, n = 14). Acute force and hormone responses to a combined loading (continuous cycling and a leg press protocol in the assigned order) were measured. Additionally, leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), maximal workload during cycling (Wmax), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed. Loading-induced decreases in force were significant (p < 0.01–0.001) before (E + S = 20 ± 11%, S + E = 18 ± 5%) and after (E + S = 24 ± 6%, S + E = 22 ± 8%) training. Recovery was completed within 24 hours in both groups. The acute growth hormone (GH) response was significantly (p < 0.001) higher after S + E than E + S at both weeks 0 and 24. Testosterone was significantly (p < 0.001) elevated only after the S + E loading at week 24 but was not significantly different from E + S. Both groups significantly (p < 0.001) improved 1RM (E + S = 13 ± 12%, S + E = 16 ± 10%), Wmax (E + S = 21 ± 10%, S + E = 16 ± 12%), and CSA (E + S = 15 ± 10%, S + E = 11 ± 8%). This study showed that the acute GH response to combined endurance and strength loadings was significantly larger in S + E compared with E + S both before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined training. Strength and endurance performance and CSA increased to similar extents in both groups during 24 weeks despite differences in the kinetics of GH. Previously untrained women can improve performance and increase muscle CSA using either exercise order. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001022 |
| format | Article |
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Acute endocrine and force responses and long-term adaptations to same-session combined strength and endurance training in women. J Strength Cond Res 30(1)164–175, 2016—This study examined acute hormone and force responses and strength and endurance performance and muscle hypertrophy before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined strength and endurance training in previously untrained women. Subjects were assigned 1 of 2 training ordersendurance preceding strength (E + S, n = 15) or vice versa (S + E, n = 14). Acute force and hormone responses to a combined loading (continuous cycling and a leg press protocol in the assigned order) were measured. Additionally, leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), maximal workload during cycling (Wmax), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed. Loading-induced decreases in force were significant (p < 0.01–0.001) before (E + S = 20 ± 11%, S + E = 18 ± 5%) and after (E + S = 24 ± 6%, S + E = 22 ± 8%) training. Recovery was completed within 24 hours in both groups. The acute growth hormone (GH) response was significantly (p < 0.001) higher after S + E than E + S at both weeks 0 and 24. Testosterone was significantly (p < 0.001) elevated only after the S + E loading at week 24 but was not significantly different from E + S. Both groups significantly (p < 0.001) improved 1RM (E + S = 13 ± 12%, S + E = 16 ± 10%), Wmax (E + S = 21 ± 10%, S + E = 16 ± 12%), and CSA (E + S = 15 ± 10%, S + E = 11 ± 8%). This study showed that the acute GH response to combined endurance and strength loadings was significantly larger in S + E compared with E + S both before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined training. Strength and endurance performance and CSA increased to similar extents in both groups during 24 weeks despite differences in the kinetics of GH. 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Acute endocrine and force responses and long-term adaptations to same-session combined strength and endurance training in women. J Strength Cond Res 30(1)164–175, 2016—This study examined acute hormone and force responses and strength and endurance performance and muscle hypertrophy before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined strength and endurance training in previously untrained women. Subjects were assigned 1 of 2 training ordersendurance preceding strength (E + S, n = 15) or vice versa (S + E, n = 14). Acute force and hormone responses to a combined loading (continuous cycling and a leg press protocol in the assigned order) were measured. Additionally, leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), maximal workload during cycling (Wmax), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed. Loading-induced decreases in force were significant (p < 0.01–0.001) before (E + S = 20 ± 11%, S + E = 18 ± 5%) and after (E + S = 24 ± 6%, S + E = 22 ± 8%) training. Recovery was completed within 24 hours in both groups. The acute growth hormone (GH) response was significantly (p < 0.001) higher after S + E than E + S at both weeks 0 and 24. Testosterone was significantly (p < 0.001) elevated only after the S + E loading at week 24 but was not significantly different from E + S. Both groups significantly (p < 0.001) improved 1RM (E + S = 13 ± 12%, S + E = 16 ± 10%), Wmax (E + S = 21 ± 10%, S + E = 16 ± 12%), and CSA (E + S = 15 ± 10%, S + E = 11 ± 8%). This study showed that the acute GH response to combined endurance and strength loadings was significantly larger in S + E compared with E + S both before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined training. Strength and endurance performance and CSA increased to similar extents in both groups during 24 weeks despite differences in the kinetics of GH. Previously untrained women can improve performance and increase muscle CSA using either exercise order.</description><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - physiology</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human Growth Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Human performance</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Muscle Strength</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Human - methods</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Human - physiology</subject><subject>Physical Endurance</subject><subject>Quadriceps Muscle - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Quadriceps Muscle - physiology</subject><subject>Sports training</subject><subject>Stress response</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Ultrasonography</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1064-8011</issn><issn>1533-4287</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkV1rFDEUhoNYbK3-A5GAN95Me_IxM5nLZemHsiC4K14OmczJ7tSZZE0yFK_615t2q0gvxNwknDzvA8lLyDsGZ6xkzfnn9fIM_loMOH9BTlgpRCG5ql_mM1SyUMDYMXkd4w0AL8tSvCLHvAIONagTcrcwc0J64XpvwuCQatfTSx8M0q8Y995FjI-zlXfbYoNhoote75NOQ76jydO1nrBYY4x5QJd-6rKlp-sU0G3T7jGb7XPQLjs3QQ9ucFs6OPrdT-jekCOrx4hvn_ZT8u3yYrO8LlZfrj4tF6vCyErwggmjOwZoqwZYXWmrGq1rWTOUjTLG8kZpAbKuet4YbYVlykoNpu7BdJ0FcUo-Hrz74H_OGFM7DdHgOGqHfo5tlnJR5x8S_4GWICUTVZnRD8_QGz8Hlx_yQCkuG8FlpuSBMsHHGNC2-zBMOvxqGbQPXba5y_Z5lzn2_kk-dxP2f0K_y8uAOgC3fkwY4o9xvsXQ7lCPafdv9z1jgan2</recordid><startdate>201601</startdate><enddate>201601</enddate><creator>Eklund, Daniela</creator><creator>Schumann, Moritz</creator><creator>Kraemer, William J</creator><creator>Izquierdo, Mikel</creator><creator>Taipale, Ritva S</creator><creator>Häkkinen, Keijo</creator><general>Copyright by the National Strength & Conditioning Association</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201601</creationdate><title>Acute Endocrine and Force Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Same-Session Combined Strength and Endurance Training in Women</title><author>Eklund, Daniela ; Schumann, Moritz ; Kraemer, William J ; Izquierdo, Mikel ; Taipale, Ritva S ; Häkkinen, Keijo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4632-13cab10ef690176af89aa7471e498ccf298a30476d29caf3f18f4a0c7d0cbbf03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adaptation, Physiological - physiology</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Estrogens</topic><topic>Exercise - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human Growth Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Human performance</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Muscle Strength</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal system</topic><topic>Physical Conditioning, Human - methods</topic><topic>Physical Conditioning, Human - physiology</topic><topic>Physical Endurance</topic><topic>Quadriceps Muscle - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Quadriceps Muscle - physiology</topic><topic>Sports training</topic><topic>Stress response</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Ultrasonography</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Eklund, Daniela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schumann, Moritz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraemer, William J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Izquierdo, Mikel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taipale, Ritva S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Häkkinen, Keijo</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of strength and conditioning research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Eklund, Daniela</au><au>Schumann, Moritz</au><au>Kraemer, William J</au><au>Izquierdo, Mikel</au><au>Taipale, Ritva S</au><au>Häkkinen, Keijo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Acute Endocrine and Force Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Same-Session Combined Strength and Endurance Training in Women</atitle><jtitle>Journal of strength and conditioning research</jtitle><addtitle>J Strength Cond Res</addtitle><date>2016-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>164</spage><epage>175</epage><pages>164-175</pages><issn>1064-8011</issn><eissn>1533-4287</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACTEklund, D, Schumann, M, Kraemer, WJ, Izquierdo, M, Taipale, RS, and Häkkinen, K. Acute endocrine and force responses and long-term adaptations to same-session combined strength and endurance training in women. J Strength Cond Res 30(1)164–175, 2016—This study examined acute hormone and force responses and strength and endurance performance and muscle hypertrophy before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined strength and endurance training in previously untrained women. Subjects were assigned 1 of 2 training ordersendurance preceding strength (E + S, n = 15) or vice versa (S + E, n = 14). Acute force and hormone responses to a combined loading (continuous cycling and a leg press protocol in the assigned order) were measured. Additionally, leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), maximal workload during cycling (Wmax), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed. Loading-induced decreases in force were significant (p < 0.01–0.001) before (E + S = 20 ± 11%, S + E = 18 ± 5%) and after (E + S = 24 ± 6%, S + E = 22 ± 8%) training. Recovery was completed within 24 hours in both groups. The acute growth hormone (GH) response was significantly (p < 0.001) higher after S + E than E + S at both weeks 0 and 24. Testosterone was significantly (p < 0.001) elevated only after the S + E loading at week 24 but was not significantly different from E + S. Both groups significantly (p < 0.001) improved 1RM (E + S = 13 ± 12%, S + E = 16 ± 10%), Wmax (E + S = 21 ± 10%, S + E = 16 ± 12%), and CSA (E + S = 15 ± 10%, S + E = 11 ± 8%). This study showed that the acute GH response to combined endurance and strength loadings was significantly larger in S + E compared with E + S both before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined training. Strength and endurance performance and CSA increased to similar extents in both groups during 24 weeks despite differences in the kinetics of GH. Previously untrained women can improve performance and increase muscle CSA using either exercise order.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Copyright by the National Strength & Conditioning Association</pub><pmid>26020708</pmid><doi>10.1519/JSC.0000000000001022</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation, Physiological - physiology Adolescent Adult Estrogens Exercise - physiology Female Human Growth Hormone - blood Human performance Humans Kinetics Muscle Strength Musculoskeletal system Physical Conditioning, Human - methods Physical Conditioning, Human - physiology Physical Endurance Quadriceps Muscle - diagnostic imaging Quadriceps Muscle - physiology Sports training Stress response Testosterone - blood Ultrasonography Women Young Adult |
| title | Acute Endocrine and Force Responses and Long-Term Adaptations to Same-Session Combined Strength and Endurance Training in Women |
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