Characterization of Disinfection By-Products from Chromatographically Isolated NOM through High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
As levels of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water rise, the minimization of potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) becomes increasingly critical. Here, we introduce the advantage that chromatographic prefractionation brings to investigating compositional changes to NOM caused b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2015-12, Vol.49 (24), p.14239-14248 |
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| container_title | Environmental science & technology |
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| creator | Harris, Bradley D Brown, Taylor A McGehee, Jimmie L Houserova, Dominika Jackson, Benjamin A Buchel, Brandon C Krajewski, Logan C Whelton, Andrew J Stenson, Alexandra C |
| description | As levels of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water rise, the minimization of potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) becomes increasingly critical. Here, we introduce the advantage that chromatographic prefractionation brings to investigating compositional changes to NOM caused by chlorination. Fractionation reduces complexity, making it easier to observe changes and attribute them to specific components. Under the conditions tested (0.1–0.4 g of Cl to g of C without further additives), the differences between highly and less oxidized NOM were striking. Highly oxidized NOM formed more diverse Cl-containing DPB, had a higher propensity to react with multiple Cl, and tended to transform so drastically as to no longer be amenable to electrospray-ionization mass spectral detection. Less-oxidized material tended to incorporate one Cl and retain its humiclike composition. N-containing, lipidlike, and condensed aromatic structure (CAS)-like NOM were selectively enriched in mass spectra, suggesting that such components do not react as extensively with NaOCl as their counterparts. Carbohydrate-like NOM, conversely, was selectively removed from spectra by chlorination. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.5b03466 |
| format | Article |
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Here, we introduce the advantage that chromatographic prefractionation brings to investigating compositional changes to NOM caused by chlorination. Fractionation reduces complexity, making it easier to observe changes and attribute them to specific components. Under the conditions tested (0.1–0.4 g of Cl to g of C without further additives), the differences between highly and less oxidized NOM were striking. Highly oxidized NOM formed more diverse Cl-containing DPB, had a higher propensity to react with multiple Cl, and tended to transform so drastically as to no longer be amenable to electrospray-ionization mass spectral detection. Less-oxidized material tended to incorporate one Cl and retain its humiclike composition. N-containing, lipidlike, and condensed aromatic structure (CAS)-like NOM were selectively enriched in mass spectra, suggesting that such components do not react as extensively with NaOCl as their counterparts. Carbohydrate-like NOM, conversely, was selectively removed from spectra by chlorination.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03466</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26554276</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>By products ; Carbohydrates ; Carbon - chemistry ; Chlorine - analysis ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods ; Disinfection - methods ; Environmental science ; Halogenation ; Humic Substances - analysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ions ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Organic Chemicals - chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Surface water ; Ultraviolet Rays</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2015-12, Vol.49 (24), p.14239-14248</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Dec 15, 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a394t-4d0e6fccc1420e2a8a9162e2adbd22fb3cb0341278533140069db7a7951953d63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a394t-4d0e6fccc1420e2a8a9162e2adbd22fb3cb0341278533140069db7a7951953d63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b03466$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b03466$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,2752,27057,27905,27906,56719,56769</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554276$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Harris, Bradley D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Taylor A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGehee, Jimmie L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houserova, Dominika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jackson, Benjamin A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buchel, Brandon C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krajewski, Logan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whelton, Andrew J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stenson, Alexandra C</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of Disinfection By-Products from Chromatographically Isolated NOM through High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>As levels of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water rise, the minimization of potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) becomes increasingly critical. Here, we introduce the advantage that chromatographic prefractionation brings to investigating compositional changes to NOM caused by chlorination. Fractionation reduces complexity, making it easier to observe changes and attribute them to specific components. Under the conditions tested (0.1–0.4 g of Cl to g of C without further additives), the differences between highly and less oxidized NOM were striking. Highly oxidized NOM formed more diverse Cl-containing DPB, had a higher propensity to react with multiple Cl, and tended to transform so drastically as to no longer be amenable to electrospray-ionization mass spectral detection. Less-oxidized material tended to incorporate one Cl and retain its humiclike composition. N-containing, lipidlike, and condensed aromatic structure (CAS)-like NOM were selectively enriched in mass spectra, suggesting that such components do not react as extensively with NaOCl as their counterparts. Carbohydrate-like NOM, conversely, was selectively removed from spectra by chlorination.</description><subject>By products</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Carbon - chemistry</subject><subject>Chlorine - analysis</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</subject><subject>Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Halogenation</subject><subject>Humic Substances - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals - chemistry</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1r2zAYh0XZaNKs596KYJdBcfpKsmT72KbdWkiWsbbQm5FlOXZwokySDxn74ycnaQuDwi76QM_7SK9-CJ0RGBOg5FIqN9bOj3kBLBbiCA0JpxDxlJMPaAhAWJQx8TxAJ84tAYAySI_RgArOY5qIIfozqaWVymvb_Ja-MWtsKnzTuGZdabXbX2-jH9aUnfIOV9as8KQOo_RmYeWmbpRs2y2-d6aVXpf4-3yGfQC6RY3vmkUd_dThqNuZZtI5_LAJ3iDQ3m4_oY-VbJ0-Pcwj9PT19nFyF03n3-4nV9NIsiz2UVyCFpVSisQUNJWpzIigYVEWJaVVwVTfPaFJyhkjMYDIyiKRScZJxlkp2Ah92Xs31vzqwn_lq8Yp3bZyrU3ncpIIygQhMfsPNM4EgTSwI_T5H3RpOrsOjQQqfC-EB_TCyz2lrHHO6irf2GYl7TYnkPcZ5iHDvK8-ZBgqzg_erljp8pV_CS0AF3ugr3y78x3dX1TQqBI</recordid><startdate>20151215</startdate><enddate>20151215</enddate><creator>Harris, Bradley D</creator><creator>Brown, Taylor A</creator><creator>McGehee, Jimmie L</creator><creator>Houserova, Dominika</creator><creator>Jackson, Benjamin A</creator><creator>Buchel, Brandon C</creator><creator>Krajewski, Logan C</creator><creator>Whelton, Andrew J</creator><creator>Stenson, Alexandra C</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20151215</creationdate><title>Characterization of Disinfection By-Products from Chromatographically Isolated NOM through High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry</title><author>Harris, Bradley D ; 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2015-12-15</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>14239</spage><epage>14248</epage><pages>14239-14248</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>As levels of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water rise, the minimization of potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) becomes increasingly critical. Here, we introduce the advantage that chromatographic prefractionation brings to investigating compositional changes to NOM caused by chlorination. Fractionation reduces complexity, making it easier to observe changes and attribute them to specific components. Under the conditions tested (0.1–0.4 g of Cl to g of C without further additives), the differences between highly and less oxidized NOM were striking. Highly oxidized NOM formed more diverse Cl-containing DPB, had a higher propensity to react with multiple Cl, and tended to transform so drastically as to no longer be amenable to electrospray-ionization mass spectral detection. Less-oxidized material tended to incorporate one Cl and retain its humiclike composition. N-containing, lipidlike, and condensed aromatic structure (CAS)-like NOM were selectively enriched in mass spectra, suggesting that such components do not react as extensively with NaOCl as their counterparts. Carbohydrate-like NOM, conversely, was selectively removed from spectra by chlorination.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>26554276</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.5b03466</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | By products Carbohydrates Carbon - chemistry Chlorine - analysis Chromatography Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Disinfection - methods Environmental science Halogenation Humic Substances - analysis Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Ions Mass spectrometry Mass Spectrometry - methods Organic Chemicals - chemistry Oxidation-Reduction Surface water Ultraviolet Rays |
| title | Characterization of Disinfection By-Products from Chromatographically Isolated NOM through High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
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