230 GHz VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF M87: EVENT-HORIZON-SCALE STRUCTURE DURING AN ENHANCED VERY-HIGH-ENERGY -RAY STATE IN 2012
ABSTRACT We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase inf...
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| creator | Akiyama, Kazunori Lu, Ru-Sen Fish, Vincent L. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Broderick, Avery E. Dexter, Jason Hada, Kazuhiro Kino, Motoki Nagai, Hiroshi Honma, Mareki Johnson, Michael D. Algaba, Juan C. Asada, Keiichi Brinkerink, Christiaan Blundell, Ray Bower, Geoffrey C. Cappallo, Roger Crew, Geoffrey B. Dexter, Matt Dzib, Sergio A. Freund, Robert Friberg, Per Gurwell, Mark Ho, Paul T. P. Inoue, Makoto Krichbaum, Thomas P. Loinard, Laurent MacMahon, David Marrone, Daniel P. Moran, James M. Nakamura, Masanori Nagar, Neil M. Ortiz-Leon, Gisela Plambeck, Richard Pradel, Nicolas Primiani, Rurik A. Rogers, Alan E. E. Roy, Alan L. SooHoo, Jason Tavares, Jonathan-León Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Wagner, Jan Weintroub, Jonathan Yamaguchi, Paul Young, Ken H. Zensus, Anton Ziurys, Lucy M. |
| description | ABSTRACT We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0° as expected by physically motivated models for 230 GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is K derived from the compact flux density of ∼1 Jy and the angular size of ∼40 ∼ 5.5 , which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1-86 GHz located within . Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) -ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. Our measurements, combined with results of multi-wavelength observations, favor a scenario in which the VHE region has an extended size of ∼20-60 . |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/150 |
| format | Article |
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P. ; Inoue, Makoto ; Krichbaum, Thomas P. ; Loinard, Laurent ; MacMahon, David ; Marrone, Daniel P. ; Moran, James M. ; Nakamura, Masanori ; Nagar, Neil M. ; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela ; Plambeck, Richard ; Pradel, Nicolas ; Primiani, Rurik A. ; Rogers, Alan E. E. ; Roy, Alan L. ; SooHoo, Jason ; Tavares, Jonathan-León ; Tilanus, Remo P. J. ; Titus, Michael ; Wagner, Jan ; Weintroub, Jonathan ; Yamaguchi, Paul ; Young, Ken H. ; Zensus, Anton ; Ziurys, Lucy M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Akiyama, Kazunori ; Lu, Ru-Sen ; Fish, Vincent L. ; Doeleman, Sheperd S. ; Broderick, Avery E. ; Dexter, Jason ; Hada, Kazuhiro ; Kino, Motoki ; Nagai, Hiroshi ; Honma, Mareki ; Johnson, Michael D. ; Algaba, Juan C. ; Asada, Keiichi ; Brinkerink, Christiaan ; Blundell, Ray ; Bower, Geoffrey C. ; Cappallo, Roger ; Crew, Geoffrey B. ; Dexter, Matt ; Dzib, Sergio A. ; Freund, Robert ; Friberg, Per ; Gurwell, Mark ; Ho, Paul T. P. ; Inoue, Makoto ; Krichbaum, Thomas P. ; Loinard, Laurent ; MacMahon, David ; Marrone, Daniel P. ; Moran, James M. ; Nakamura, Masanori ; Nagar, Neil M. ; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela ; Plambeck, Richard ; Pradel, Nicolas ; Primiani, Rurik A. ; Rogers, Alan E. E. ; Roy, Alan L. ; SooHoo, Jason ; Tavares, Jonathan-León ; Tilanus, Remo P. J. ; Titus, Michael ; Wagner, Jan ; Weintroub, Jonathan ; Yamaguchi, Paul ; Young, Ken H. ; Zensus, Anton ; Ziurys, Lucy M.</creatorcontrib><description>ABSTRACT We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0° as expected by physically motivated models for 230 GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is K derived from the compact flux density of ∼1 Jy and the angular size of ∼40 ∼ 5.5 , which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1-86 GHz located within . Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) -ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. 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All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0002-2709-7338 ; 0000-0003-0292-3645 ; 0000-0003-0685-3621 ; 0000-0002-7128-9345 ; 0000-0002-5635-3345 ; 0000-0001-6765-9609 ; 0000-0003-4056-9982</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/150/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$H</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,38890,53867</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/150$$EView_record_in_IOP_Publishing$$FView_record_in_$$GIOP_Publishing</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Akiyama, Kazunori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Ru-Sen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fish, Vincent L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doeleman, Sheperd S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broderick, Avery E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dexter, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hada, Kazuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kino, Motoki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagai, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Honma, Mareki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Algaba, Juan C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asada, Keiichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brinkerink, Christiaan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blundell, Ray</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bower, Geoffrey C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cappallo, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crew, Geoffrey B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dexter, Matt</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dzib, Sergio A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freund, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friberg, Per</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gurwell, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Paul T. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inoue, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krichbaum, Thomas P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loinard, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMahon, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marrone, Daniel P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moran, James M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Masanori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagar, Neil M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ortiz-Leon, Gisela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Plambeck, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pradel, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Primiani, Rurik A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Alan E. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, Alan L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SooHoo, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavares, Jonathan-León</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tilanus, Remo P. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Titus, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wagner, Jan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weintroub, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamaguchi, Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Ken H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zensus, Anton</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziurys, Lucy M.</creatorcontrib><title>230 GHz VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF M87: EVENT-HORIZON-SCALE STRUCTURE DURING AN ENHANCED VERY-HIGH-ENERGY -RAY STATE IN 2012</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><addtitle>APJ</addtitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0° as expected by physically motivated models for 230 GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is K derived from the compact flux density of ∼1 Jy and the angular size of ∼40 ∼ 5.5 , which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1-86 GHz located within . Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) -ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. Our measurements, combined with results of multi-wavelength observations, favor a scenario in which the VHE region has an extended size of ∼20-60 .</description><subject>Accretion disks</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Brightness temperature</subject><subject>Closures</subject><subject>Event horizon</subject><subject>Flux</subject><subject>galaxies: active</subject><subject>galaxies: individual (M87)</subject><subject>galaxies: jets</subject><subject>Interferometry</subject><subject>radio continuum: galaxies</subject><subject>techniques: high angular resolution</subject><subject>techniques: interferometric</subject><subject>Triangles</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkcFPwjAUxhujiYj-BV56MfFS1_ZtbedtQNmWYJeMQcRLU9iWQBCQiQf_ekcwevHg6eUlv-97ed-H0C2jD4wq5VFKfSJAPnuKSo97LKBnqMMCUMSHQJ6jzg9xia6aZnVceRh20AcHiuPkE09HvRRnvbHOp1GRZmaMsyF-UvIR66k2BUmyPH3JDBn3o5HG4yKf9ItJrvFgkqcmxpHB2iSR6esBnup8RpI0Tog2Oo9nmOTRrJVEhcapwZwyfo0uarduqpvv2UWToS76CRllcdpeIEsGAojyw1q5sAo48BICV8q6mgugyi1qoE6qUswVr8D5TICbCwZBuODKB6YWUPpz6KL7k-9uv307VM27fV02i2q9dptqe2gsk4LTUAQ-_APlUsgwDGSLeid0ud3Z1faw37Q_WEbtsQx7zNYeo7ZtGZbbtoxWcfeHwu1Wv4zdlTV8AfksfWA</recordid><startdate>20150701</startdate><enddate>20150701</enddate><creator>Akiyama, Kazunori</creator><creator>Lu, Ru-Sen</creator><creator>Fish, Vincent L.</creator><creator>Doeleman, Sheperd S.</creator><creator>Broderick, Avery E.</creator><creator>Dexter, Jason</creator><creator>Hada, Kazuhiro</creator><creator>Kino, Motoki</creator><creator>Nagai, Hiroshi</creator><creator>Honma, Mareki</creator><creator>Johnson, Michael D.</creator><creator>Algaba, Juan C.</creator><creator>Asada, Keiichi</creator><creator>Brinkerink, Christiaan</creator><creator>Blundell, Ray</creator><creator>Bower, Geoffrey C.</creator><creator>Cappallo, Roger</creator><creator>Crew, Geoffrey B.</creator><creator>Dexter, Matt</creator><creator>Dzib, Sergio A.</creator><creator>Freund, Robert</creator><creator>Friberg, Per</creator><creator>Gurwell, Mark</creator><creator>Ho, Paul T. 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P. ; Inoue, Makoto ; Krichbaum, Thomas P. ; Loinard, Laurent ; MacMahon, David ; Marrone, Daniel P. ; Moran, James M. ; Nakamura, Masanori ; Nagar, Neil M. ; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela ; Plambeck, Richard ; Pradel, Nicolas ; Primiani, Rurik A. ; Rogers, Alan E. E. ; Roy, Alan L. ; SooHoo, Jason ; Tavares, Jonathan-León ; Tilanus, Remo P. 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J</addtitle><date>2015-07-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>807</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>11</epage><pages>1-11</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0° as expected by physically motivated models for 230 GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is K derived from the compact flux density of ∼1 Jy and the angular size of ∼40 ∼ 5.5 , which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1-86 GHz located within . Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) -ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. 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| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0004-637X |
| ispartof | The Astrophysical journal, 2015-07, Vol.807 (2), p.1-11 |
| issn | 0004-637X 1538-4357 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1762096543 |
| source | IOP Journals (Institute Of Physics) |
| subjects | Accretion disks Antennas Brightness temperature Closures Event horizon Flux galaxies: active galaxies: individual (M87) galaxies: jets Interferometry radio continuum: galaxies techniques: high angular resolution techniques: interferometric Triangles |
| title | 230 GHz VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF M87: EVENT-HORIZON-SCALE STRUCTURE DURING AN ENHANCED VERY-HIGH-ENERGY -RAY STATE IN 2012 |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T15%3A01%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_O3W&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=230%20GHz%20VLBI%20OBSERVATIONS%20OF%20M87:%20EVENT-HORIZON-SCALE%20STRUCTURE%20DURING%20AN%20ENHANCED%20VERY-HIGH-ENERGY%20-RAY%20STATE%20IN%202012&rft.jtitle=The%20Astrophysical%20journal&rft.au=Akiyama,%20Kazunori&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=807&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=11&rft.pages=1-11&rft.issn=0004-637X&rft.eissn=1538-4357&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/150&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_O3W%3E1727679957%3C/proquest_O3W%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1727679957&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |