Development and Validation of the African American Women's Shifting Scale (AAWSS)
Objective: The purpose of this research was to develop and validate an instrument to measure shifting or self-altering strategies among African American women. Method: A 13-item instrument was developed to measure aspects of shifting phenomena based on the empirical literature, feedback from focus g...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology 2016-01, Vol.22 (1), p.11-25 |
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| container_title | Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology |
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| creator | Johnson, Jacquelyn C. Gamst, Glenn Meyers, Lawrence S. Arellano-Morales, Leticia Shorter-Gooden, Kumea |
| description | Objective: The purpose of this research was to develop and validate an instrument to measure shifting or self-altering strategies among African American women. Method: A 13-item instrument was developed to measure aspects of shifting phenomena based on the empirical literature, feedback from focus groups, and cultural experts. The initial validation study, using principal axis analysis, was conducted with a national sample of 318 African American women. A second independent national sample of 190 African American women provided data for a confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Results indicated that the inventory was composed of the following 3 factors: Strong Black Woman, Awareness of Shifting Behavior, and Sensitivity to the Perceptions of Blacks. Conclusions: A structural model was developed based on the Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) framework that allowed for the exploration of the shifting construct. Implications for future research are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/cdp0000039 |
| format | Article |
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Method: A 13-item instrument was developed to measure aspects of shifting phenomena based on the empirical literature, feedback from focus groups, and cultural experts. The initial validation study, using principal axis analysis, was conducted with a national sample of 318 African American women. A second independent national sample of 190 African American women provided data for a confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Results indicated that the inventory was composed of the following 3 factors: Strong Black Woman, Awareness of Shifting Behavior, and Sensitivity to the Perceptions of Blacks. Conclusions: A structural model was developed based on the Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) framework that allowed for the exploration of the shifting construct. Implications for future research are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1099-9809</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-0106</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000039</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25844565</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Educational Publishing Foundation</publisher><subject>Acculturation ; Adult ; African Americans - psychology ; Aged ; Attitudes ; Black People ; Coping Behavior ; Cultural Diversity ; Ethnic Identity ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Human ; Human Females ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Psychological ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Rating Scales ; Sexism ; Social Identification ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Test Construction ; Test Validity ; United States ; Women's Health - ethnology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology, 2016-01, Vol.22 (1), p.11-25</ispartof><rights>2015 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).</rights><rights>2015, American Psychological Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a420t-b6e9baed8d98b95ca36d997c6784206c9cfd3f34e3267c08c30e8a9e3969697f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25844565$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lee, Richard M</contributor><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Jacquelyn C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamst, Glenn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Lawrence S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arellano-Morales, Leticia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shorter-Gooden, Kumea</creatorcontrib><title>Development and Validation of the African American Women's Shifting Scale (AAWSS)</title><title>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology</title><addtitle>Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol</addtitle><description>Objective: The purpose of this research was to develop and validate an instrument to measure shifting or self-altering strategies among African American women. 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Implications for future research are discussed.</description><subject>Acculturation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Americans - psychology</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Attitudes</subject><subject>Black People</subject><subject>Coping Behavior</subject><subject>Cultural Diversity</subject><subject>Ethnic Identity</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Focus Groups</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human Females</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Models, Psychological</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</subject><subject>Rating Scales</subject><subject>Sexism</subject><subject>Social Identification</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Test Construction</subject><subject>Test Validity</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Women's Health - ethnology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1099-9809</issn><issn>1939-0106</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkFtLxDAQhYMoXlZf_AES8MFVqObSpsljWa-wILLqPoZsOtVKbyatsP_eLLsqOPMwB-bjMHMQOqbkkhKeXtm8I6viagvtU8VVRCgR20ETpSIlidpDB95_EEJjrsQu2mOJjONEJPvo6Rq-oGq7GpoemybHr6Yqc9OXbYPbAvfvgLPCldY0OKthLeZtoM88nr2XRV82b3hmTQV4nGXz2ez8EO0UpvJwtJkj9HJ78zy5j6aPdw-TbBqZmJE-WghQCwO5zJVcqMQaLnKlUitSGfbCKlvkvOAxcCZSS6TlBKRREB4InRZ8hMZr3861nwP4Xtelt1BVpoF28JqmgigmY84CevoP_WgH14TrNBUpkwljUgbqYk1Z13rvoNCdK2vjlpoSvQpa_wUd4JON5bCoIf9Ff5L9czOd0Z1fWuP60lbg7eBcCHtlphnTVFPKvwGnkoVs</recordid><startdate>20160101</startdate><enddate>20160101</enddate><creator>Johnson, Jacquelyn C.</creator><creator>Gamst, Glenn</creator><creator>Meyers, Lawrence S.</creator><creator>Arellano-Morales, Leticia</creator><creator>Shorter-Gooden, Kumea</creator><general>Educational Publishing Foundation</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160101</creationdate><title>Development and Validation of the African American Women's Shifting Scale (AAWSS)</title><author>Johnson, Jacquelyn C. ; Gamst, Glenn ; Meyers, Lawrence S. ; Arellano-Morales, Leticia ; Shorter-Gooden, Kumea</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a420t-b6e9baed8d98b95ca36d997c6784206c9cfd3f34e3267c08c30e8a9e3969697f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Acculturation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>African Americans - psychology</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Attitudes</topic><topic>Black People</topic><topic>Coping Behavior</topic><topic>Cultural Diversity</topic><topic>Ethnic Identity</topic><topic>Factor Analysis, Statistical</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Focus Groups</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Human Females</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Models, Psychological</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</topic><topic>Rating Scales</topic><topic>Sexism</topic><topic>Social Identification</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Test Construction</topic><topic>Test Validity</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Women's Health - ethnology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Jacquelyn C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamst, Glenn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Lawrence S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arellano-Morales, Leticia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shorter-Gooden, Kumea</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PsycARTICLES (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Johnson, Jacquelyn C.</au><au>Gamst, Glenn</au><au>Meyers, Lawrence S.</au><au>Arellano-Morales, Leticia</au><au>Shorter-Gooden, Kumea</au><au>Lee, Richard M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development and Validation of the African American Women's Shifting Scale (AAWSS)</atitle><jtitle>Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol</addtitle><date>2016-01-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>11</spage><epage>25</epage><pages>11-25</pages><issn>1099-9809</issn><eissn>1939-0106</eissn><abstract>Objective: The purpose of this research was to develop and validate an instrument to measure shifting or self-altering strategies among African American women. 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| subjects | Acculturation Adult African Americans - psychology Aged Attitudes Black People Coping Behavior Cultural Diversity Ethnic Identity Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Focus Groups Human Human Females Humans Male Middle Aged Models, Psychological Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Rating Scales Sexism Social Identification Surveys and Questionnaires Test Construction Test Validity United States Women's Health - ethnology Young Adult |
| title | Development and Validation of the African American Women's Shifting Scale (AAWSS) |
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