The taphonomy of blood components in decomposing bone and its relevance to physical anthropology
ABSTRACT Objectives The variation and persistence of blood components, in particular red blood cells (RBCs), within bone tissue during the decomposition process, especially at the early stages and in different taphonomic conditions, has never been thoroughly investigated, regardless of the fact that...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of physical anthropology 2015-12, Vol.158 (4), p.636-645 |
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| container_title | American journal of physical anthropology |
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| creator | Cappella, Annalisa Bertoglio, Barbara Castoldi, Elisa Maderna, Emanuela Di Giancamillo, Alessia Domeneghini, Cinzia Andreola, Salvatore Cattaneo, Cristina |
| description | ABSTRACT
Objectives
The variation and persistence of blood components, in particular red blood cells (RBCs), within bone tissue during the decomposition process, especially at the early stages and in different taphonomic conditions, has never been thoroughly investigated, regardless of the fact that knowing how blood survives or degrades within bone could be of help in solving many anthropological issues, such as trauma analysis and interpretation.
Materials and Methods
This research investigated the influence of time and taphonomy on the persistence and detectability of blood components in parietal bone fragments (of different post mortem periods and taphonomic conditions) through histological (Hematoxilin and Eosin, HE) and immunohistochemical (Glycophorin A, GYPA) analyses.
Results
The immunohistochemical investigation for GYPA showed the presence of RBCs under the form of erythrocyte debris or residues otherwise morphologically unidentifiable using only HE staining. Hence, while well‐defined RBCs can be observed only in the first week of decomposition, afterward these structures can be detectable with certainty only by immunohistochemical analysis, which reveals discrete quantities of RBC residues also in dry bone (post mortem interval, or PMI, of 15 years), but not in archaeological samples, in which the greater PMI and the different taphonomic conditions together could be the answer behind such difference.
Discussion
This study highlights the usefulness and potential of immunohistochemical detection of GYPA in RBC investigation and gives a realistic idea of the persistence and detectability of erythrocytes in different osteological taphonomic conditions, in contrast to results reported by some authors in literature. Another important result concerns the detection of RBC residues in dry bone, which opens the way to the possible use of RBCs in trauma interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:636–645, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ajpa.22830 |
| format | Article |
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Objectives
The variation and persistence of blood components, in particular red blood cells (RBCs), within bone tissue during the decomposition process, especially at the early stages and in different taphonomic conditions, has never been thoroughly investigated, regardless of the fact that knowing how blood survives or degrades within bone could be of help in solving many anthropological issues, such as trauma analysis and interpretation.
Materials and Methods
This research investigated the influence of time and taphonomy on the persistence and detectability of blood components in parietal bone fragments (of different post mortem periods and taphonomic conditions) through histological (Hematoxilin and Eosin, HE) and immunohistochemical (Glycophorin A, GYPA) analyses.
Results
The immunohistochemical investigation for GYPA showed the presence of RBCs under the form of erythrocyte debris or residues otherwise morphologically unidentifiable using only HE staining. Hence, while well‐defined RBCs can be observed only in the first week of decomposition, afterward these structures can be detectable with certainty only by immunohistochemical analysis, which reveals discrete quantities of RBC residues also in dry bone (post mortem interval, or PMI, of 15 years), but not in archaeological samples, in which the greater PMI and the different taphonomic conditions together could be the answer behind such difference.
Discussion
This study highlights the usefulness and potential of immunohistochemical detection of GYPA in RBC investigation and gives a realistic idea of the persistence and detectability of erythrocytes in different osteological taphonomic conditions, in contrast to results reported by some authors in literature. Another important result concerns the detection of RBC residues in dry bone, which opens the way to the possible use of RBCs in trauma interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:636–645, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9483</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-8644</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2692-7691</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22830</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26265488</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPNA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Blood ; Bone and Bones - chemistry ; Bones ; Death ; Decomposition ; erythrocyte detection ; Erythrocytes - chemistry ; Forensic Anthropology ; Fossils ; Glycophorin ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; microtaphonomy ; Physical anthropology ; skeletal remains ; Studies</subject><ispartof>American journal of physical anthropology, 2015-12, Vol.158 (4), p.636-645</ispartof><rights>2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5350-2e972635ec5cc8b583ec17f86f2b9f15b4f3de2848009fbad5b7a07348f4f99d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5350-2e972635ec5cc8b583ec17f86f2b9f15b4f3de2848009fbad5b7a07348f4f99d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fajpa.22830$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fajpa.22830$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26265488$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cappella, Annalisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertoglio, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castoldi, Elisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maderna, Emanuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Di Giancamillo, Alessia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domeneghini, Cinzia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andreola, Salvatore</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cattaneo, Cristina</creatorcontrib><title>The taphonomy of blood components in decomposing bone and its relevance to physical anthropology</title><title>American journal of physical anthropology</title><addtitle>Am. J. Phys. Anthropol</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Objectives
The variation and persistence of blood components, in particular red blood cells (RBCs), within bone tissue during the decomposition process, especially at the early stages and in different taphonomic conditions, has never been thoroughly investigated, regardless of the fact that knowing how blood survives or degrades within bone could be of help in solving many anthropological issues, such as trauma analysis and interpretation.
Materials and Methods
This research investigated the influence of time and taphonomy on the persistence and detectability of blood components in parietal bone fragments (of different post mortem periods and taphonomic conditions) through histological (Hematoxilin and Eosin, HE) and immunohistochemical (Glycophorin A, GYPA) analyses.
Results
The immunohistochemical investigation for GYPA showed the presence of RBCs under the form of erythrocyte debris or residues otherwise morphologically unidentifiable using only HE staining. Hence, while well‐defined RBCs can be observed only in the first week of decomposition, afterward these structures can be detectable with certainty only by immunohistochemical analysis, which reveals discrete quantities of RBC residues also in dry bone (post mortem interval, or PMI, of 15 years), but not in archaeological samples, in which the greater PMI and the different taphonomic conditions together could be the answer behind such difference.
Discussion
This study highlights the usefulness and potential of immunohistochemical detection of GYPA in RBC investigation and gives a realistic idea of the persistence and detectability of erythrocytes in different osteological taphonomic conditions, in contrast to results reported by some authors in literature. Another important result concerns the detection of RBC residues in dry bone, which opens the way to the possible use of RBCs in trauma interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:636–645, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Bone and Bones - chemistry</subject><subject>Bones</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Decomposition</subject><subject>erythrocyte detection</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - chemistry</subject><subject>Forensic Anthropology</subject><subject>Fossils</subject><subject>Glycophorin</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>microtaphonomy</subject><subject>Physical anthropology</subject><subject>skeletal remains</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>0002-9483</issn><issn>1096-8644</issn><issn>2692-7691</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1PFTEUhhujkQu68QeYJm4MyWCnX9NZXhBBQpAFRHe10znlznWmHdq56Px7CxdYuDBp0py-z3nSvAi9K8lBSQj9ZNajOaBUMfICLUpSy0JJzl-iBclpUXPFdtBuSus8ynxeox0qqRRcqQX6ebUCPJlxFXwYZhwcbvoQWmzDMAYPfkq487iFhzl1_gY3-Rkb3-IuZxF6uDPeZkfA42pOnTV9TqdVDGPow838Br1ypk_w9vHeQ9dfjq-OTovzbydfj5bnhRVMkIJCXVHJBFhhrWqEYmDLyinpaFO7UjTcsRao4oqQ2jWmFU1lSMW4ctzVdcv20Metd4zhdgNp0kOXLPS98RA2SZeVJKoWTNGMfvgHXYdN9Pl3mRIV4ZJQnqn9LWVjSCmC02PsBhNnXRJ937u-710_9J7h94_KTTNA-4w-FZ2Bcgv87nqY_6PSy7PL5ZO02O50aYI_zzsm_tKyYpXQ3y9O9NmPw8NTevFZC_YXC3Scxw</recordid><startdate>201512</startdate><enddate>201512</enddate><creator>Cappella, Annalisa</creator><creator>Bertoglio, Barbara</creator><creator>Castoldi, Elisa</creator><creator>Maderna, Emanuela</creator><creator>Di Giancamillo, Alessia</creator><creator>Domeneghini, Cinzia</creator><creator>Andreola, Salvatore</creator><creator>Cattaneo, Cristina</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201512</creationdate><title>The taphonomy of blood components in decomposing bone and its relevance to physical anthropology</title><author>Cappella, Annalisa ; Bertoglio, Barbara ; Castoldi, Elisa ; Maderna, Emanuela ; Di Giancamillo, Alessia ; Domeneghini, Cinzia ; Andreola, Salvatore ; Cattaneo, Cristina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5350-2e972635ec5cc8b583ec17f86f2b9f15b4f3de2848009fbad5b7a07348f4f99d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Bone and Bones - chemistry</topic><topic>Bones</topic><topic>Death</topic><topic>Decomposition</topic><topic>erythrocyte detection</topic><topic>Erythrocytes - chemistry</topic><topic>Forensic Anthropology</topic><topic>Fossils</topic><topic>Glycophorin</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>microtaphonomy</topic><topic>Physical anthropology</topic><topic>skeletal remains</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cappella, Annalisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertoglio, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castoldi, Elisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maderna, Emanuela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Di Giancamillo, Alessia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domeneghini, Cinzia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andreola, Salvatore</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cattaneo, Cristina</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of physical anthropology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cappella, Annalisa</au><au>Bertoglio, Barbara</au><au>Castoldi, Elisa</au><au>Maderna, Emanuela</au><au>Di Giancamillo, Alessia</au><au>Domeneghini, Cinzia</au><au>Andreola, Salvatore</au><au>Cattaneo, Cristina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The taphonomy of blood components in decomposing bone and its relevance to physical anthropology</atitle><jtitle>American journal of physical anthropology</jtitle><addtitle>Am. J. Phys. Anthropol</addtitle><date>2015-12</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>158</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>636</spage><epage>645</epage><pages>636-645</pages><issn>0002-9483</issn><eissn>1096-8644</eissn><eissn>2692-7691</eissn><coden>AJPNA9</coden><abstract>ABSTRACT
Objectives
The variation and persistence of blood components, in particular red blood cells (RBCs), within bone tissue during the decomposition process, especially at the early stages and in different taphonomic conditions, has never been thoroughly investigated, regardless of the fact that knowing how blood survives or degrades within bone could be of help in solving many anthropological issues, such as trauma analysis and interpretation.
Materials and Methods
This research investigated the influence of time and taphonomy on the persistence and detectability of blood components in parietal bone fragments (of different post mortem periods and taphonomic conditions) through histological (Hematoxilin and Eosin, HE) and immunohistochemical (Glycophorin A, GYPA) analyses.
Results
The immunohistochemical investigation for GYPA showed the presence of RBCs under the form of erythrocyte debris or residues otherwise morphologically unidentifiable using only HE staining. Hence, while well‐defined RBCs can be observed only in the first week of decomposition, afterward these structures can be detectable with certainty only by immunohistochemical analysis, which reveals discrete quantities of RBC residues also in dry bone (post mortem interval, or PMI, of 15 years), but not in archaeological samples, in which the greater PMI and the different taphonomic conditions together could be the answer behind such difference.
Discussion
This study highlights the usefulness and potential of immunohistochemical detection of GYPA in RBC investigation and gives a realistic idea of the persistence and detectability of erythrocytes in different osteological taphonomic conditions, in contrast to results reported by some authors in literature. Another important result concerns the detection of RBC residues in dry bone, which opens the way to the possible use of RBCs in trauma interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:636–645, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>26265488</pmid><doi>10.1002/ajpa.22830</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Blood Bone and Bones - chemistry Bones Death Decomposition erythrocyte detection Erythrocytes - chemistry Forensic Anthropology Fossils Glycophorin Humans Immunohistochemistry microtaphonomy Physical anthropology skeletal remains Studies |
| title | The taphonomy of blood components in decomposing bone and its relevance to physical anthropology |
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