Metabolic Engineering toward Sustainable Production of Nylon‑6
Nylon-6 is a bulk polymer used for many applications. It consists of the non-natural building block 6-aminocaproic acid, the linear form of caprolactam. Via a retro-synthetic approach, two synthetic pathways were identified for the fermentative production of 6-aminocaproic acid. Both pathways requir...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | ACS synthetic biology 2016-01, Vol.5 (1), p.65-73 |
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| creator | Turk, Stefan C. H. J Kloosterman, Wigard P Ninaber, Dennis K Kolen, Karin P. A. M Knutova, Julia Suir, Erwin Schürmann, Martin Raemakers-Franken, Petronella C Müller, Monika de Wildeman, Stefaan M. A Raamsdonk, Leonie M van der Pol, Ruud Wu, Liang Temudo, Margarida F van der Hoeven, Rob A. M Akeroyd, Michiel van der Stoel, Roland E Noorman, Henk J Bovenberg, Roel A. L Trefzer, Axel C |
| description | Nylon-6 is a bulk polymer used for many applications. It consists of the non-natural building block 6-aminocaproic acid, the linear form of caprolactam. Via a retro-synthetic approach, two synthetic pathways were identified for the fermentative production of 6-aminocaproic acid. Both pathways require yet unreported novel biocatalytic steps. We demonstrated proof of these bioconversions by in vitro enzyme assays with a set of selected candidate proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. One of the biosynthetic pathways starts with 2-oxoglutarate and contains bioconversions of the ketoacid elongation pathway known from methanogenic archaea. This pathway was selected for implementation in E. coli and yielded 6-aminocaproic acid at levels up to 160 mg/L in lab-scale batch fermentations. The total amount of 6-aminocaproic acid and related intermediates generated by this pathway exceeded 2 g/L in lab-scale fed-batch fermentations, indicating its potential for further optimization toward large-scale sustainable production of nylon-6. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00129 |
| format | Article |
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H. J ; Kloosterman, Wigard P ; Ninaber, Dennis K ; Kolen, Karin P. A. M ; Knutova, Julia ; Suir, Erwin ; Schürmann, Martin ; Raemakers-Franken, Petronella C ; Müller, Monika ; de Wildeman, Stefaan M. A ; Raamsdonk, Leonie M ; van der Pol, Ruud ; Wu, Liang ; Temudo, Margarida F ; van der Hoeven, Rob A. M ; Akeroyd, Michiel ; van der Stoel, Roland E ; Noorman, Henk J ; Bovenberg, Roel A. L ; Trefzer, Axel C</creator><creatorcontrib>Turk, Stefan C. H. J ; Kloosterman, Wigard P ; Ninaber, Dennis K ; Kolen, Karin P. A. M ; Knutova, Julia ; Suir, Erwin ; Schürmann, Martin ; Raemakers-Franken, Petronella C ; Müller, Monika ; de Wildeman, Stefaan M. A ; Raamsdonk, Leonie M ; van der Pol, Ruud ; Wu, Liang ; Temudo, Margarida F ; van der Hoeven, Rob A. M ; Akeroyd, Michiel ; van der Stoel, Roland E ; Noorman, Henk J ; Bovenberg, Roel A. L ; Trefzer, Axel C</creatorcontrib><description>Nylon-6 is a bulk polymer used for many applications. It consists of the non-natural building block 6-aminocaproic acid, the linear form of caprolactam. Via a retro-synthetic approach, two synthetic pathways were identified for the fermentative production of 6-aminocaproic acid. Both pathways require yet unreported novel biocatalytic steps. We demonstrated proof of these bioconversions by in vitro enzyme assays with a set of selected candidate proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. One of the biosynthetic pathways starts with 2-oxoglutarate and contains bioconversions of the ketoacid elongation pathway known from methanogenic archaea. This pathway was selected for implementation in E. coli and yielded 6-aminocaproic acid at levels up to 160 mg/L in lab-scale batch fermentations. The total amount of 6-aminocaproic acid and related intermediates generated by this pathway exceeded 2 g/L in lab-scale fed-batch fermentations, indicating its potential for further optimization toward large-scale sustainable production of nylon-6.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2161-5063</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2161-5063</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00129</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26511532</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Adipates - metabolism ; Aminocaproic Acid - metabolism ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Caprolactam - analogs & derivatives ; Caprolactam - chemical synthesis ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Escherichia coli - genetics ; Escherichia coli - metabolism ; Fermentation ; Metabolic Engineering - methods ; Metabolome ; Pimelic Acids - metabolism ; Polymers - chemical synthesis ; Proteomics ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tricarboxylic Acids - metabolism</subject><ispartof>ACS synthetic biology, 2016-01, Vol.5 (1), p.65-73</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a448t-d456a362cdd698c141706bbe9bc9254370394d169065d8994e2de7f7926650c13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a448t-d456a362cdd698c141706bbe9bc9254370394d169065d8994e2de7f7926650c13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssynbio.5b00129$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssynbio.5b00129$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26511532$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Turk, Stefan C. H. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kloosterman, Wigard P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ninaber, Dennis K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolen, Karin P. A. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knutova, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suir, Erwin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schürmann, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raemakers-Franken, Petronella C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Wildeman, Stefaan M. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raamsdonk, Leonie M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Pol, Ruud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Temudo, Margarida F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Hoeven, Rob A. M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akeroyd, Michiel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Stoel, Roland E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noorman, Henk J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bovenberg, Roel A. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trefzer, Axel C</creatorcontrib><title>Metabolic Engineering toward Sustainable Production of Nylon‑6</title><title>ACS synthetic biology</title><addtitle>ACS Synth. Biol</addtitle><description>Nylon-6 is a bulk polymer used for many applications. It consists of the non-natural building block 6-aminocaproic acid, the linear form of caprolactam. Via a retro-synthetic approach, two synthetic pathways were identified for the fermentative production of 6-aminocaproic acid. Both pathways require yet unreported novel biocatalytic steps. We demonstrated proof of these bioconversions by in vitro enzyme assays with a set of selected candidate proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. One of the biosynthetic pathways starts with 2-oxoglutarate and contains bioconversions of the ketoacid elongation pathway known from methanogenic archaea. This pathway was selected for implementation in E. coli and yielded 6-aminocaproic acid at levels up to 160 mg/L in lab-scale batch fermentations. The total amount of 6-aminocaproic acid and related intermediates generated by this pathway exceeded 2 g/L in lab-scale fed-batch fermentations, indicating its potential for further optimization toward large-scale sustainable production of nylon-6.</description><subject>Adipates - metabolism</subject><subject>Aminocaproic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Batch Cell Culture Techniques</subject><subject>Caprolactam - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Caprolactam - chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Chromatography, Liquid</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - genetics</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - metabolism</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Metabolic Engineering - methods</subject><subject>Metabolome</subject><subject>Pimelic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Polymers - chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Proteomics</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Tricarboxylic Acids - metabolism</subject><issn>2161-5063</issn><issn>2161-5063</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtKAzEUhoMottQ-gBuZpZupuUwyk51S6gXqBdR1yG1KyjSpyQzSna_gK_okTmkVV57NOYvv_-F8AJwiOEEQowupU9p45cKEKggR5gdgiBFDOYWMHP65B2Cc0hL2QymhpDoGA8woQpTgIbi8t61UoXE6m_mF89ZG5xdZG95lNNlzl1rpvFSNzZ5iMJ1uXfBZqLOHTRP818cnOwFHtWySHe_3CLxez16mt_n88eZuejXPZVFUbW4KyiRhWBvDeKVRgUrIlLJcaY5pQUpIeGEQ45BRU3FeWGxsWZccM0ahRmQEzne96xjeOptasXJJ26aR3oYuCVQyWFX9h1sU7VAdQ0rR1mId3UrGjUBQbN2JX3di767PnO3rO7Wy5jfxY6oH8h3QZ8UydNH33_5T-A0BGHsk</recordid><startdate>20160115</startdate><enddate>20160115</enddate><creator>Turk, Stefan C. 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| subjects | Adipates - metabolism Aminocaproic Acid - metabolism Batch Cell Culture Techniques Caprolactam - analogs & derivatives Caprolactam - chemical synthesis Chromatography, Liquid Escherichia coli - genetics Escherichia coli - metabolism Fermentation Metabolic Engineering - methods Metabolome Pimelic Acids - metabolism Polymers - chemical synthesis Proteomics Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tricarboxylic Acids - metabolism |
| title | Metabolic Engineering toward Sustainable Production of Nylon‑6 |
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