Impact of an ectoparasite on the immunity and pathology of an invertebrate: evidence for host immunosuppression and viral amplification

Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) are ectoparasites of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and cause serious damage to bee colonies. The mechanism of how varroa mites kill honey bees remains unclear. We have addressed the effects of the mites on bee immunity and the replication of a picorna-like virus, the d...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2005-05, Vol.102 (21), p.7470-7475
Hauptverfasser:	Yang, X, Cox-Foster, D.L
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Agriculture alcohol oxidoreductases Analysis of Variance Animals Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - metabolism antimicrobial peptides Antimicrobials Apiculture Apis mellifera bee diseases Bees Bees - enzymology Bees - genetics Bees - immunology Bees - parasitology Bees - virology Biological Sciences defense mechanisms Deformed wing virus DNA Primers DNA, Complementary - genetics ectoparasites Enzymes Escherichia coli Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - immunology Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase - metabolism glucose dehydrogenase glucose oxidase Glucose Oxidase - metabolism Honey bees Host-Parasite Interactions Immune Tolerance - immunology immunity Immunology immunosuppression (physiological) Insect colonies Insect genetics Insect vectors Insects Invertebrata lysozyme Microbiology Mites Mites - physiology monophenol monooxygenase Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism Muramidase - metabolism Picorna-like virus Picornaviridae - immunology Pupae Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Varroa Varroa destructor virus replication Virus Replication - physiology Viruses Wings, Animal - pathology Worker insects
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