Modeling air quality in main cities of Peninsular Malaysia by using a generalized Pareto model
The air pollution index (API) is an important figure used for measuring the quality of air in the environment. The API is determined based on the highest average value of individual indices for all the variables which include sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2016, Vol.188 (1), p.65-65, Article 65 |
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| creator | Masseran, Nurulkamal Razali, Ahmad Mahir Ibrahim, Kamarulzaman Latif, Mohd Talib |
| description | The air pollution index (API) is an important figure used for measuring the quality of air in the environment. The API is determined based on the highest average value of individual indices for all the variables which include sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), and suspended particulate matter (PM₁₀) at a particular hour. API values that exceed the limit of 100 units indicate an unhealthy status for the exposed environment. This study investigates the risk of occurrences of API values greater than 100 units for eight urban areas in Peninsular Malaysia for the period of January 2004 to December 2014. An extreme value model, known as the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), has been fitted to the API values found. Based on the fitted model, return period for describing the occurrences of API exceeding 100 in the different cities has been computed as the indicator of risk. The results obtained indicated that most of the urban areas considered have a very small risk of occurrence of the unhealthy events, except for Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, and Klang. However, among these three cities, it is found that Klang has the highest risk. Based on all the results obtained, the air quality standard in urban areas of Peninsular Malaysia falls within healthy limits to human beings. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-015-5070-9 |
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The API is determined based on the highest average value of individual indices for all the variables which include sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), and suspended particulate matter (PM₁₀) at a particular hour. API values that exceed the limit of 100 units indicate an unhealthy status for the exposed environment. This study investigates the risk of occurrences of API values greater than 100 units for eight urban areas in Peninsular Malaysia for the period of January 2004 to December 2014. An extreme value model, known as the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), has been fitted to the API values found. Based on the fitted model, return period for describing the occurrences of API exceeding 100 in the different cities has been computed as the indicator of risk. The results obtained indicated that most of the urban areas considered have a very small risk of occurrence of the unhealthy events, except for Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, and Klang. However, among these three cities, it is found that Klang has the highest risk. Based on all the results obtained, the air quality standard in urban areas of Peninsular Malaysia falls within healthy limits to human beings.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5070-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26718946</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollutants - chemistry ; Air pollution ; Air Pollution - analysis ; Air quality ; Air quality standards ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Carbon monoxide ; Carbon Monoxide - analysis ; Cities ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Land area ; Malaysia ; Models, Theoretical ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis ; Outdoor air quality ; ozone ; Ozone - analysis ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; particulates ; Pollution index ; risk ; Risk Assessment ; Science ; Seasons ; Sulfur ; Sulfur dioxide ; Sulfur Dioxide - analysis ; Tourism ; Urban areas ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2016, Vol.188 (1), p.65-65, Article 65</ispartof><rights>Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015</rights><rights>Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-386b75ed5116f13eb335b8a5e17d682d704aaa4deafb7b5524712428641d7c043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-386b75ed5116f13eb335b8a5e17d682d704aaa4deafb7b5524712428641d7c043</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-015-5070-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-015-5070-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,4024,27923,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26718946$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Masseran, Nurulkamal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Razali, Ahmad Mahir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Kamarulzaman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latif, Mohd Talib</creatorcontrib><title>Modeling air quality in main cities of Peninsular Malaysia by using a generalized Pareto model</title><title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</title><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><description>The air pollution index (API) is an important figure used for measuring the quality of air in the environment. The API is determined based on the highest average value of individual indices for all the variables which include sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), and suspended particulate matter (PM₁₀) at a particular hour. API values that exceed the limit of 100 units indicate an unhealthy status for the exposed environment. This study investigates the risk of occurrences of API values greater than 100 units for eight urban areas in Peninsular Malaysia for the period of January 2004 to December 2014. An extreme value model, known as the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), has been fitted to the API values found. Based on the fitted model, return period for describing the occurrences of API exceeding 100 in the different cities has been computed as the indicator of risk. The results obtained indicated that most of the urban areas considered have a very small risk of occurrence of the unhealthy events, except for Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, and Klang. However, among these three cities, it is found that Klang has the highest risk. Based on all the results obtained, the air quality standard in urban areas of Peninsular Malaysia falls within healthy limits to human beings.</description><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - chemistry</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Air Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Air quality</subject><subject>Air quality standards</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>Carbon Monoxide - analysis</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Land area</subject><subject>Malaysia</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Nitrogen Dioxide - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental monitoring and assessment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Masseran, Nurulkamal</au><au>Razali, Ahmad Mahir</au><au>Ibrahim, Kamarulzaman</au><au>Latif, Mohd Talib</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modeling air quality in main cities of Peninsular Malaysia by using a generalized Pareto model</atitle><jtitle>Environmental monitoring and assessment</jtitle><stitle>Environ Monit Assess</stitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><date>2016</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>188</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>65</spage><epage>65</epage><pages>65-65</pages><artnum>65</artnum><issn>0167-6369</issn><eissn>1573-2959</eissn><abstract>The air pollution index (API) is an important figure used for measuring the quality of air in the environment. The API is determined based on the highest average value of individual indices for all the variables which include sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), and suspended particulate matter (PM₁₀) at a particular hour. API values that exceed the limit of 100 units indicate an unhealthy status for the exposed environment. This study investigates the risk of occurrences of API values greater than 100 units for eight urban areas in Peninsular Malaysia for the period of January 2004 to December 2014. An extreme value model, known as the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), has been fitted to the API values found. Based on the fitted model, return period for describing the occurrences of API exceeding 100 in the different cities has been computed as the indicator of risk. The results obtained indicated that most of the urban areas considered have a very small risk of occurrence of the unhealthy events, except for Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, and Klang. However, among these three cities, it is found that Klang has the highest risk. Based on all the results obtained, the air quality standard in urban areas of Peninsular Malaysia falls within healthy limits to human beings.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>26718946</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10661-015-5070-9</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - chemistry Air pollution Air Pollution - analysis Air quality Air quality standards Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide - analysis Cities Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Humans Land area Malaysia Models, Theoretical Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis Outdoor air quality ozone Ozone - analysis Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis particulates Pollution index risk Risk Assessment Science Seasons Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide - analysis Tourism Urban areas Wind |
| title | Modeling air quality in main cities of Peninsular Malaysia by using a generalized Pareto model |
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