Current Approach to Dry Eye Disease
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that causes tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. The prevalence of dry eye in the world population ranges from 6 to 34 %. It is more common in those aged over 50, and affects mainly women....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2015-12, Vol.49 (3), p.288-297 |
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| container_title | Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology |
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| creator | Valim, Valéria Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça de Sousa, Jacqueline Martins Vilela, Verônica Silva Belfort, Rubens |
| description | Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that causes tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. The prevalence of dry eye in the world population ranges from 6 to 34 %. It is more common in those aged over 50, and affects mainly women. Since the introduction of the Schirmer’s test in 1903, other tests have been developed to evaluate dry eye, such as biomicroscopy, the tear film breakup time (BUT), vital dyes (lissamine green and rose bengal), fluorescein, leaf fern test, corneal sensitivity test, conjunctiva impression cytology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and tear osmolarity measurement. Although there is no gold standard, it is advisable to combine at least two tests. Strategies for treating DED have recently been modified and include patient education, tear substitute, corticosteroids, secretagogues, fatty acids, immunomodulators, occlusion of lacrimal puncta surgery and, tarsorrhaphy. Biological therapy and new topical immunomodulators such as tacrolimus, tofacitinib and IL-1 receptor inhibitor are being tested. In this review, the evaluation tests for dry eye are compared and the main studies on treatment are presented, with emphasis on studies in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. The authors propose an approach for the management of dry eye. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12016-014-8438-7 |
| format | Article |
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The prevalence of dry eye in the world population ranges from 6 to 34 %. It is more common in those aged over 50, and affects mainly women. Since the introduction of the Schirmer’s test in 1903, other tests have been developed to evaluate dry eye, such as biomicroscopy, the tear film breakup time (BUT), vital dyes (lissamine green and rose bengal), fluorescein, leaf fern test, corneal sensitivity test, conjunctiva impression cytology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and tear osmolarity measurement. Although there is no gold standard, it is advisable to combine at least two tests. Strategies for treating DED have recently been modified and include patient education, tear substitute, corticosteroids, secretagogues, fatty acids, immunomodulators, occlusion of lacrimal puncta surgery and, tarsorrhaphy. Biological therapy and new topical immunomodulators such as tacrolimus, tofacitinib and IL-1 receptor inhibitor are being tested. In this review, the evaluation tests for dry eye are compared and the main studies on treatment are presented, with emphasis on studies in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. The authors propose an approach for the management of dry eye.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1080-0549</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0267</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8438-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25081064</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Age Factors ; Allergology ; Animals ; Biological Therapy ; Corticosteroid drugs ; Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis ; Dry Eye Syndromes - therapy ; Eye diseases ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use ; Immunology ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Sex Factors ; Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis ; Sjogren's Syndrome - therapy ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Tomography, Optical Coherence</subject><ispartof>Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2015-12, Vol.49 (3), p.288-297</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Springer</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-bfbad32052fce8178e410a5629c8baba6d379738ab894829616e7f70b95adf63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-bfbad32052fce8178e410a5629c8baba6d379738ab894829616e7f70b95adf63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12016-014-8438-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12016-014-8438-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>313,314,780,784,792,27922,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081064$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Valim, Valéria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Sousa, Jacqueline Martins</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vilela, Verônica Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belfort, Rubens</creatorcontrib><title>Current Approach to Dry Eye Disease</title><title>Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology</title><addtitle>Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol</addtitle><addtitle>Clin Rev Allergy Immunol</addtitle><description>Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that causes tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. The prevalence of dry eye in the world population ranges from 6 to 34 %. It is more common in those aged over 50, and affects mainly women. Since the introduction of the Schirmer’s test in 1903, other tests have been developed to evaluate dry eye, such as biomicroscopy, the tear film breakup time (BUT), vital dyes (lissamine green and rose bengal), fluorescein, leaf fern test, corneal sensitivity test, conjunctiva impression cytology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and tear osmolarity measurement. Although there is no gold standard, it is advisable to combine at least two tests. Strategies for treating DED have recently been modified and include patient education, tear substitute, corticosteroids, secretagogues, fatty acids, immunomodulators, occlusion of lacrimal puncta surgery and, tarsorrhaphy. Biological therapy and new topical immunomodulators such as tacrolimus, tofacitinib and IL-1 receptor inhibitor are being tested. In this review, the evaluation tests for dry eye are compared and the main studies on treatment are presented, with emphasis on studies in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. The authors propose an approach for the management of dry eye.</description><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Allergology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Therapy</subject><subject>Corticosteroid drugs</subject><subject>Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dry Eye Syndromes - therapy</subject><subject>Eye diseases</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fluorescein</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Sjogren's Syndrome - therapy</subject><subject>Systemic lupus erythematosus</subject><subject>Tomography, Optical Coherence</subject><issn>1080-0549</issn><issn>1559-0267</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9r3DAQxUVpaJJtP0AvxRAovTidkax_x2WTpoVALrkL2R5nHbzWVrIP--2j7aZNUloIOkiMfu8xj8fYR4RzBNBfE3JAVQJWpamEKfUbdoJS2hK40m_zGwyUICt7zE5TugfgYIR9x465BIOgqhN2tppjpHEqltttDL5ZF1MoLuKuuNxRcdEn8ones6POD4k-PN4Ldvvt8nb1vby-ufqxWl6XjdRiKuuu9q3gIHnXkEFtqELwUnHbmNrXXrVCWy2Mr42tDLcKFelOQ22lbzslFuzLwTYv8nOmNLlNnxoaBj9SmJNDLZGjFlC9AhXS5oA57oKd_YXehzmOOccvCo0GrZ6oOz-Q68cuTNE3e1O3rITk1mBefcHO_0Hl09Kmb8JIXZ_nLwSfnwnW5IdpncIwT30Y00sQD2ATQ0qROreN_cbHnUNw-67doWuXu3b7rt1e8-kx2VxvqP2j-F1uBvgBSPlrvKP4LPp_XR8A-ritvQ</recordid><startdate>20151201</startdate><enddate>20151201</enddate><creator>Valim, Valéria</creator><creator>Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça</creator><creator>de Sousa, Jacqueline Martins</creator><creator>Vilela, Verônica Silva</creator><creator>Belfort, Rubens</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20151201</creationdate><title>Current Approach to Dry Eye Disease</title><author>Valim, Valéria ; Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça ; de Sousa, Jacqueline Martins ; Vilela, Verônica Silva ; Belfort, Rubens</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-bfbad32052fce8178e410a5629c8baba6d379738ab894829616e7f70b95adf63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Allergology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological Therapy</topic><topic>Corticosteroid drugs</topic><topic>Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis</topic><topic>Dry Eye Syndromes - therapy</topic><topic>Eye diseases</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fluorescein</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis</topic><topic>Sjogren's Syndrome - therapy</topic><topic>Systemic lupus erythematosus</topic><topic>Tomography, Optical Coherence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Valim, Valéria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Sousa, Jacqueline Martins</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vilela, Verônica Silva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belfort, Rubens</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Valim, Valéria</au><au>Trevisani, Virginia Fernandes Moça</au><au>de Sousa, Jacqueline Martins</au><au>Vilela, Verônica Silva</au><au>Belfort, Rubens</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Current Approach to Dry Eye Disease</atitle><jtitle>Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology</jtitle><stitle>Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol</stitle><addtitle>Clin Rev Allergy Immunol</addtitle><date>2015-12-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>288</spage><epage>297</epage><pages>288-297</pages><issn>1080-0549</issn><eissn>1559-0267</eissn><abstract>Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that causes tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. The prevalence of dry eye in the world population ranges from 6 to 34 %. It is more common in those aged over 50, and affects mainly women. Since the introduction of the Schirmer’s test in 1903, other tests have been developed to evaluate dry eye, such as biomicroscopy, the tear film breakup time (BUT), vital dyes (lissamine green and rose bengal), fluorescein, leaf fern test, corneal sensitivity test, conjunctiva impression cytology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and tear osmolarity measurement. Although there is no gold standard, it is advisable to combine at least two tests. Strategies for treating DED have recently been modified and include patient education, tear substitute, corticosteroids, secretagogues, fatty acids, immunomodulators, occlusion of lacrimal puncta surgery and, tarsorrhaphy. Biological therapy and new topical immunomodulators such as tacrolimus, tofacitinib and IL-1 receptor inhibitor are being tested. In this review, the evaluation tests for dry eye are compared and the main studies on treatment are presented, with emphasis on studies in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. The authors propose an approach for the management of dry eye.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>25081064</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12016-014-8438-7</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2015-12, Vol.49 (3), p.288-297 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Age Factors Allergology Animals Biological Therapy Corticosteroid drugs Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis Dry Eye Syndromes - therapy Eye diseases Female Fluorescein Humans Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use Immunology Internal Medicine Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures Sex Factors Sjogren's Syndrome - diagnosis Sjogren's Syndrome - therapy Systemic lupus erythematosus Tomography, Optical Coherence |
| title | Current Approach to Dry Eye Disease |
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