Achilles tendon loading patterns during barefoot walking and slow running on a treadmill: An ultrasonic propagation study
Measurement of tendon loading patterns during gait is important for understanding the pathogenesis of tendon “overuse” injury. Given that the speed of propagation of ultrasound in tendon is proportional to the applied load, this study used a noninvasive ultrasonic transmission technique to measure a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2015-12, Vol.25 (6), p.868-875 |
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| container_title | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports |
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| creator | Wulf, M. Wearing, S. C. Hooper, S. L. Smeathers, J. E. Horstmann, T. Brauner, T. |
| description | Measurement of tendon loading patterns during gait is important for understanding the pathogenesis of tendon “overuse” injury. Given that the speed of propagation of ultrasound in tendon is proportional to the applied load, this study used a noninvasive ultrasonic transmission technique to measure axial ultrasonic velocity in the right Achilles tendon of 27 healthy adults (11 females and 16 males; age, 26 ± 9 years; height, 1.73 ± 0.07 m; weight, 70.6 ± 21.2 kg), walking at self‐selected speed (1.1 ± 0.1 m/s), and running at fixed slow speed (2 m/s) on a treadmill. Synchronous measures of ankle kinematics, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and vertical ground reaction forces were simultaneously measured. Slow running was associated with significantly higher cadence, shorter step length, but greater range of ankle movement, higher magnitude and rate of vertical ground reaction force, and higher ultrasonic velocity in the tendon than walking (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/sms.12455 |
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C. ; Hooper, S. L. ; Smeathers, J. E. ; Horstmann, T. ; Brauner, T.</creator><creatorcontrib>Wulf, M. ; Wearing, S. C. ; Hooper, S. L. ; Smeathers, J. E. ; Horstmann, T. ; Brauner, T.</creatorcontrib><description>Measurement of tendon loading patterns during gait is important for understanding the pathogenesis of tendon “overuse” injury. Given that the speed of propagation of ultrasound in tendon is proportional to the applied load, this study used a noninvasive ultrasonic transmission technique to measure axial ultrasonic velocity in the right Achilles tendon of 27 healthy adults (11 females and 16 males; age, 26 ± 9 years; height, 1.73 ± 0.07 m; weight, 70.6 ± 21.2 kg), walking at self‐selected speed (1.1 ± 0.1 m/s), and running at fixed slow speed (2 m/s) on a treadmill. Synchronous measures of ankle kinematics, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and vertical ground reaction forces were simultaneously measured. Slow running was associated with significantly higher cadence, shorter step length, but greater range of ankle movement, higher magnitude and rate of vertical ground reaction force, and higher ultrasonic velocity in the tendon than walking (P < 0.05). Ultrasonic velocity in the Achilles tendon was highly reproducible during walking and slow running (mean within‐subject coefficient of variation < 2%). Ultrasonic maxima (P1, P2) and minima (M1, M2) were significantly higher and occurred earlier in the gait cycle (P1, M1, and M2) during running than walking (P < 0.05). Slow running was associated with higher and earlier peaks in loading of the Achilles tendon than walking.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0905-7188</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1600-0838</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/sms.12455</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25913324</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Denmark: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging ; Achilles Tendon - physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Joint - diagnostic imaging ; Ankle Joint - physiology ; Arthrometry, Articular ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; biomechanics ; Female ; Gait - physiology ; Humans ; locomotion ; Male ; Running - physiology ; soft tissue ; speed of sound ; Stress, Physiological ; ultrasonic transmission ; Ultrasonic Waves ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasound ; Walking - physiology ; Weight-Bearing - physiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2015-12, Vol.25 (6), p.868-875</ispartof><rights>2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fsms.12455$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fsms.12455$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25913324$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wulf, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wearing, S. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooper, S. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smeathers, J. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horstmann, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brauner, T.</creatorcontrib><title>Achilles tendon loading patterns during barefoot walking and slow running on a treadmill: An ultrasonic propagation study</title><title>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</title><addtitle>Scand J Med Sci Sports</addtitle><description>Measurement of tendon loading patterns during gait is important for understanding the pathogenesis of tendon “overuse” injury. Given that the speed of propagation of ultrasound in tendon is proportional to the applied load, this study used a noninvasive ultrasonic transmission technique to measure axial ultrasonic velocity in the right Achilles tendon of 27 healthy adults (11 females and 16 males; age, 26 ± 9 years; height, 1.73 ± 0.07 m; weight, 70.6 ± 21.2 kg), walking at self‐selected speed (1.1 ± 0.1 m/s), and running at fixed slow speed (2 m/s) on a treadmill. Synchronous measures of ankle kinematics, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and vertical ground reaction forces were simultaneously measured. Slow running was associated with significantly higher cadence, shorter step length, but greater range of ankle movement, higher magnitude and rate of vertical ground reaction force, and higher ultrasonic velocity in the tendon than walking (P < 0.05). Ultrasonic velocity in the Achilles tendon was highly reproducible during walking and slow running (mean within‐subject coefficient of variation < 2%). Ultrasonic maxima (P1, P2) and minima (M1, M2) were significantly higher and occurred earlier in the gait cycle (P1, M1, and M2) during running than walking (P < 0.05). Slow running was associated with higher and earlier peaks in loading of the Achilles tendon than walking.</description><subject>Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Achilles Tendon - physiology</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Ankle Joint - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Ankle Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Arthrometry, Articular</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>biomechanics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gait - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>locomotion</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>soft tissue</subject><subject>speed of sound</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological</subject><subject>ultrasonic transmission</subject><subject>Ultrasonic Waves</subject><subject>Ultrasonography</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Walking - physiology</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0905-7188</issn><issn>1600-0838</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUFv1DAQhS0EokvhwB9APnJJ67Ez64TbqqKl0i4IFgQ3y4mdYuo4W9vRsv--Sbf0zFw8M_7ek-VHyFtgZzDVeerTGfAS8RlZwJKxglWiek4WrGZYSKiqE_IqpT-MgaxLfElOONYgBC8X5LBqfzvvbaLZBjME6gdtXLihO52zjSFRM8Z5bnS03TBkutf-dl7oYGjyw57GMYR5MYk1zdFq00-OH-gq0NHnqNMQXEt3cdjpG53dhKU8msNr8qLTPtk3j-cp-XH58fvFp2L95er6YrUuXMklFm2zbDoJLRjERkrDG8a6CiWUolx2NYeuqhBZK6DWGsHwzta1lLY0DYeGoTgl74--0wvuRpuy6l1qrfc62GFMCiQCZ8jq_0EFCi4Zn9F3j-jY9NaoXXS9jgf172cn4PwI7J23h6d7YGqOTE2RqYfI1HazfWgmRXFUuJTt3yeFjrdqKYVE9fPzlfr1bXO5rdZf1UbcA23UmQQ</recordid><startdate>201512</startdate><enddate>201512</enddate><creator>Wulf, M.</creator><creator>Wearing, S. C.</creator><creator>Hooper, S. L.</creator><creator>Smeathers, J. E.</creator><creator>Horstmann, T.</creator><creator>Brauner, T.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TS</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201512</creationdate><title>Achilles tendon loading patterns during barefoot walking and slow running on a treadmill: An ultrasonic propagation study</title><author>Wulf, M. ; Wearing, S. C. ; Hooper, S. L. ; Smeathers, J. E. ; Horstmann, T. ; Brauner, T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i4275-cb6bf71c1d55b77d2b00f85714346f921f88550c319aa51d2fe9977e4db21b053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Achilles Tendon - physiology</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Ankle Joint - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Ankle Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Arthrometry, Articular</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>biomechanics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gait - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>locomotion</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>soft tissue</topic><topic>speed of sound</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological</topic><topic>ultrasonic transmission</topic><topic>Ultrasonic Waves</topic><topic>Ultrasonography</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Walking - physiology</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing - physiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wulf, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wearing, S. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hooper, S. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smeathers, J. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horstmann, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brauner, T.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><jtitle>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wulf, M.</au><au>Wearing, S. C.</au><au>Hooper, S. L.</au><au>Smeathers, J. E.</au><au>Horstmann, T.</au><au>Brauner, T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Achilles tendon loading patterns during barefoot walking and slow running on a treadmill: An ultrasonic propagation study</atitle><jtitle>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</jtitle><addtitle>Scand J Med Sci Sports</addtitle><date>2015-12</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>868</spage><epage>875</epage><pages>868-875</pages><issn>0905-7188</issn><eissn>1600-0838</eissn><abstract>Measurement of tendon loading patterns during gait is important for understanding the pathogenesis of tendon “overuse” injury. Given that the speed of propagation of ultrasound in tendon is proportional to the applied load, this study used a noninvasive ultrasonic transmission technique to measure axial ultrasonic velocity in the right Achilles tendon of 27 healthy adults (11 females and 16 males; age, 26 ± 9 years; height, 1.73 ± 0.07 m; weight, 70.6 ± 21.2 kg), walking at self‐selected speed (1.1 ± 0.1 m/s), and running at fixed slow speed (2 m/s) on a treadmill. Synchronous measures of ankle kinematics, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and vertical ground reaction forces were simultaneously measured. Slow running was associated with significantly higher cadence, shorter step length, but greater range of ankle movement, higher magnitude and rate of vertical ground reaction force, and higher ultrasonic velocity in the tendon than walking (P < 0.05). Ultrasonic velocity in the Achilles tendon was highly reproducible during walking and slow running (mean within‐subject coefficient of variation < 2%). Ultrasonic maxima (P1, P2) and minima (M1, M2) were significantly higher and occurred earlier in the gait cycle (P1, M1, and M2) during running than walking (P < 0.05). Slow running was associated with higher and earlier peaks in loading of the Achilles tendon than walking.</abstract><cop>Denmark</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>25913324</pmid><doi>10.1111/sms.12455</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Achilles Tendon - diagnostic imaging Achilles Tendon - physiology Adolescent Adult Ankle Joint - diagnostic imaging Ankle Joint - physiology Arthrometry, Articular Biomechanical Phenomena biomechanics Female Gait - physiology Humans locomotion Male Running - physiology soft tissue speed of sound Stress, Physiological ultrasonic transmission Ultrasonic Waves Ultrasonography Ultrasound Walking - physiology Weight-Bearing - physiology Young Adult |
| title | Achilles tendon loading patterns during barefoot walking and slow running on a treadmill: An ultrasonic propagation study |
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