Shear wave arrival time estimates correlate with local speckle pattern
We present simulation and phantom studies demonstrating a strong correlation between errors in shear wave arrival time estimates and the lateral position of the local speckle pattern in targets with fully developed speckle. We hypothesize that the observed arrival time variations are largely due to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2015-12, Vol.62 (12), p.2054-2067 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control |
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| creator | Mcaleavey, Stephen A. Osapoetra, Laurentius O. Langdon, Jonathan |
| description | We present simulation and phantom studies demonstrating a strong correlation between errors in shear wave arrival time estimates and the lateral position of the local speckle pattern in targets with fully developed speckle. We hypothesize that the observed arrival time variations are largely due to the underlying speckle pattern, and call the effect speckle bias. Arrival time estimation is a key step in quantitative shear wave elastography, performed by tracking tissue motion via cross-correlation of RF ultrasound echoes or similar methods. Variations in scatterer strength and interference of echoes from scatterers within the tracking beam result in an echo that does not necessarily describe the average motion within the beam, but one favoring areas of constructive interference and strong scattering. A swept-receive image, formed by fixing the transmit beam and sweeping the receive aperture over the region of interest, is used to estimate the local speckle pattern. Metrics for the lateral position of the speckle are found to correlate strongly (r > 0.7) with the estimated shear wave arrival times both in simulations and in phantoms. Lateral weighting of the swept-receive pattern improved the correlation between arrival time estimates and speckle position. The simulations indicate that high RF echo correlation does not equate to an accurate shear wave arrival time estimate-a high correlation coefficient indicates that motion is being tracked with high precision, but the location tracked is uncertain within the tracking beam width. The presence of a strong on-axis speckle is seen to imply high RF correlation and low bias. The converse does not appear to be true-highly correlated RF echoes can still produce biased arrival time estimates. The shear wave arrival time bias is relatively stable with variations in shear wave amplitude and sign (-20 μm to 20 μm simulated) compared with the variation with different speckle realizations obtained along a given tracking vector. We show that the arrival time bias is weakly dependent on shear wave amplitude compared with the variation with axial position/ local speckle pattern. Apertures of f/3 to f/8 on transmit and f/2 and f/4 on receive were simulated. Arrival time error and correlation with speckle pattern are most strongly determined by the receive aperture. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007171 |
| format | Article |
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We hypothesize that the observed arrival time variations are largely due to the underlying speckle pattern, and call the effect speckle bias. Arrival time estimation is a key step in quantitative shear wave elastography, performed by tracking tissue motion via cross-correlation of RF ultrasound echoes or similar methods. Variations in scatterer strength and interference of echoes from scatterers within the tracking beam result in an echo that does not necessarily describe the average motion within the beam, but one favoring areas of constructive interference and strong scattering. A swept-receive image, formed by fixing the transmit beam and sweeping the receive aperture over the region of interest, is used to estimate the local speckle pattern. Metrics for the lateral position of the speckle are found to correlate strongly (r > 0.7) with the estimated shear wave arrival times both in simulations and in phantoms. Lateral weighting of the swept-receive pattern improved the correlation between arrival time estimates and speckle position. The simulations indicate that high RF echo correlation does not equate to an accurate shear wave arrival time estimate-a high correlation coefficient indicates that motion is being tracked with high precision, but the location tracked is uncertain within the tracking beam width. The presence of a strong on-axis speckle is seen to imply high RF correlation and low bias. The converse does not appear to be true-highly correlated RF echoes can still produce biased arrival time estimates. The shear wave arrival time bias is relatively stable with variations in shear wave amplitude and sign (-20 μm to 20 μm simulated) compared with the variation with different speckle realizations obtained along a given tracking vector. We show that the arrival time bias is weakly dependent on shear wave amplitude compared with the variation with axial position/ local speckle pattern. Apertures of f/3 to f/8 on transmit and f/2 and f/4 on receive were simulated. Arrival time error and correlation with speckle pattern are most strongly determined by the receive aperture.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-3010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-8955</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007171</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26670847</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITUCER</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: IEEE</publisher><subject>Apertures ; Arrivals ; Beams (radiation) ; Bias ; Computer Simulation ; Correlation ; Elastic Modulus - physiology ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques - instrumentation ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods ; Estimates ; Holography ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods ; Interference ; Models, Biological ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radio frequency ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shear Strength - physiology ; Simulation ; Sound waves ; Speckle ; Speckle patterns ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tracking ; Tracking (position) ; Ultrasonic imaging</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2015-12, Vol.62 (12), p.2054-2067</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Dec 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-576c536d9ee8415027b804449fde41d1de33a4e7839f3312bf59cd88c84257893</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-576c536d9ee8415027b804449fde41d1de33a4e7839f3312bf59cd88c84257893</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7348980$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,796,885,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7348980$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670847$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mcaleavey, Stephen A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osapoetra, Laurentius O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Langdon, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><title>Shear wave arrival time estimates correlate with local speckle pattern</title><title>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</title><addtitle>T-UFFC</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control</addtitle><description>We present simulation and phantom studies demonstrating a strong correlation between errors in shear wave arrival time estimates and the lateral position of the local speckle pattern in targets with fully developed speckle. We hypothesize that the observed arrival time variations are largely due to the underlying speckle pattern, and call the effect speckle bias. Arrival time estimation is a key step in quantitative shear wave elastography, performed by tracking tissue motion via cross-correlation of RF ultrasound echoes or similar methods. Variations in scatterer strength and interference of echoes from scatterers within the tracking beam result in an echo that does not necessarily describe the average motion within the beam, but one favoring areas of constructive interference and strong scattering. A swept-receive image, formed by fixing the transmit beam and sweeping the receive aperture over the region of interest, is used to estimate the local speckle pattern. Metrics for the lateral position of the speckle are found to correlate strongly (r > 0.7) with the estimated shear wave arrival times both in simulations and in phantoms. Lateral weighting of the swept-receive pattern improved the correlation between arrival time estimates and speckle position. The simulations indicate that high RF echo correlation does not equate to an accurate shear wave arrival time estimate-a high correlation coefficient indicates that motion is being tracked with high precision, but the location tracked is uncertain within the tracking beam width. The presence of a strong on-axis speckle is seen to imply high RF correlation and low bias. The converse does not appear to be true-highly correlated RF echoes can still produce biased arrival time estimates. The shear wave arrival time bias is relatively stable with variations in shear wave amplitude and sign (-20 μm to 20 μm simulated) compared with the variation with different speckle realizations obtained along a given tracking vector. We show that the arrival time bias is weakly dependent on shear wave amplitude compared with the variation with axial position/ local speckle pattern. Apertures of f/3 to f/8 on transmit and f/2 and f/4 on receive were simulated. Arrival time error and correlation with speckle pattern are most strongly determined by the receive aperture.</description><subject>Apertures</subject><subject>Arrivals</subject><subject>Beams (radiation)</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Computer Simulation</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Elastic Modulus - physiology</subject><subject>Elasticity Imaging Techniques - instrumentation</subject><subject>Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Holography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods</subject><subject>Interference</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Phantoms, Imaging</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Shear Strength - physiology</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Sound waves</subject><subject>Speckle</subject><subject>Speckle patterns</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Tracking</subject><subject>Tracking (position)</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><issn>0885-3010</issn><issn>1525-8955</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9rGzEQxUVpaNy0HyAEwkIvvaw7oz8r6VIIJm4CgRyanIWsnY03Xe-60tqh3z5KnJomp-oygvnN4808xo4Rpohgv93czuezKQdUUwCNGt-xCSquSmOVes8mYIwqBSAcso8p3QOglJZ_YIe8qjQYqSds_nNJPhYPfkuFj7Hd-q4Y2xUVlHLxI6UiDDFSl7_FQzsui24ImUlrCr86KtZ-HCn2n9hB47tEn1_qEbudn9_MLsqr6x-Xs7OrMkgDY6l0FZSoaktkJCrgemFAZlNNTRJrrEkIL0kbYRshkC8aZUNtTDCSK22sOGLfd7rrzWJFdaB-jL5z65i9xj9u8K173enbpbsbtk5qni-js8DXF4E4_N7kJd2qTYG6zvc0bJJDrQ0oFFL8ByptflhhRr-8Qe-HTezzJZ4pENwInincUSEOKUVq9r4R3FOg7jlQ9xSo2wWaZ07_XXg_8TfBDJzsgJaI9m0tpLEGxCOEdKPW</recordid><startdate>201512</startdate><enddate>201512</enddate><creator>Mcaleavey, Stephen A.</creator><creator>Osapoetra, Laurentius O.</creator><creator>Langdon, Jonathan</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201512</creationdate><title>Shear wave arrival time estimates correlate with local speckle pattern</title><author>Mcaleavey, Stephen A. ; Osapoetra, Laurentius O. ; Langdon, Jonathan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-576c536d9ee8415027b804449fde41d1de33a4e7839f3312bf59cd88c84257893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Apertures</topic><topic>Arrivals</topic><topic>Beams (radiation)</topic><topic>Bias</topic><topic>Computer Simulation</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Elastic Modulus - physiology</topic><topic>Elasticity Imaging Techniques - instrumentation</topic><topic>Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Holography</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods</topic><topic>Interference</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Phantoms, Imaging</topic><topic>Radio frequency</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Shear Strength - physiology</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Sound waves</topic><topic>Speckle</topic><topic>Speckle patterns</topic><topic>Stress, Mechanical</topic><topic>Tracking</topic><topic>Tracking (position)</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mcaleavey, Stephen A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osapoetra, Laurentius O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Langdon, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mcaleavey, Stephen A.</au><au>Osapoetra, Laurentius O.</au><au>Langdon, Jonathan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Shear wave arrival time estimates correlate with local speckle pattern</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</jtitle><stitle>T-UFFC</stitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control</addtitle><date>2015-12</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2054</spage><epage>2067</epage><pages>2054-2067</pages><issn>0885-3010</issn><eissn>1525-8955</eissn><coden>ITUCER</coden><abstract>We present simulation and phantom studies demonstrating a strong correlation between errors in shear wave arrival time estimates and the lateral position of the local speckle pattern in targets with fully developed speckle. We hypothesize that the observed arrival time variations are largely due to the underlying speckle pattern, and call the effect speckle bias. Arrival time estimation is a key step in quantitative shear wave elastography, performed by tracking tissue motion via cross-correlation of RF ultrasound echoes or similar methods. Variations in scatterer strength and interference of echoes from scatterers within the tracking beam result in an echo that does not necessarily describe the average motion within the beam, but one favoring areas of constructive interference and strong scattering. A swept-receive image, formed by fixing the transmit beam and sweeping the receive aperture over the region of interest, is used to estimate the local speckle pattern. Metrics for the lateral position of the speckle are found to correlate strongly (r > 0.7) with the estimated shear wave arrival times both in simulations and in phantoms. Lateral weighting of the swept-receive pattern improved the correlation between arrival time estimates and speckle position. The simulations indicate that high RF echo correlation does not equate to an accurate shear wave arrival time estimate-a high correlation coefficient indicates that motion is being tracked with high precision, but the location tracked is uncertain within the tracking beam width. The presence of a strong on-axis speckle is seen to imply high RF correlation and low bias. The converse does not appear to be true-highly correlated RF echoes can still produce biased arrival time estimates. The shear wave arrival time bias is relatively stable with variations in shear wave amplitude and sign (-20 μm to 20 μm simulated) compared with the variation with different speckle realizations obtained along a given tracking vector. We show that the arrival time bias is weakly dependent on shear wave amplitude compared with the variation with axial position/ local speckle pattern. Apertures of f/3 to f/8 on transmit and f/2 and f/4 on receive were simulated. Arrival time error and correlation with speckle pattern are most strongly determined by the receive aperture.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><pmid>26670847</pmid><doi>10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007171</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2015-12, Vol.62 (12), p.2054-2067 |
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| subjects | Apertures Arrivals Beams (radiation) Bias Computer Simulation Correlation Elastic Modulus - physiology Elasticity Imaging Techniques - instrumentation Elasticity Imaging Techniques - methods Estimates Holography Humans Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods Interference Models, Biological Phantoms, Imaging Radio frequency Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Shear Strength - physiology Simulation Sound waves Speckle Speckle patterns Stress, Mechanical Tracking Tracking (position) Ultrasonic imaging |
| title | Shear wave arrival time estimates correlate with local speckle pattern |
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