‘Speaking up’ about patient safety concerns and unprofessional behaviour among residents: validation of two scales
ObjectiveTo develop and test the psychometric properties of two new survey scales aiming to measure the extent to which the clinical environment supports speaking up about (a) patient safety concerns and (b) unprofessional behaviour.MethodResidents from six large US academic medical centres complete...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ quality & safety 2015-11, Vol.24 (11), p.671-680 |
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| container_title | BMJ quality & safety |
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| creator | Martinez, William Etchegaray, Jason M Thomas, Eric J Hickson, Gerald B Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani Schleyer, Anneliese M Best, Jennifer A Shelburne, Julia T May, Natalie B Bell, Sigall K |
| description | ObjectiveTo develop and test the psychometric properties of two new survey scales aiming to measure the extent to which the clinical environment supports speaking up about (a) patient safety concerns and (b) unprofessional behaviour.MethodResidents from six large US academic medical centres completed an anonymous, electronic survey containing questions regarding safety culture and speaking up about safety and professionalism concerns.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported two separate, one-factor speaking up climates (SUCs) among residents; one focused on patient safety concerns (SUC-Safe scale) and the other focused on unprofessional behaviour (SUC-Prof scale). Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α>0.70) and were unique from validated safety and teamwork climate measures (r |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004253 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1747341403</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>4012019101</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b399t-b36ad81ce7f57107b3ae4fc158b8eb5d952750d13138d74f25abc18617f2ed0a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkb1u1TAYhi1ERavSC2BBllgYSPFv7LChij-pUgdgjuz4M-SQ2Gm-5FTdehlwe72S-nBKB6Z6sD0876PPfgl5wdkp57J-68fNJVaCcV0xpoSWT8iRYEpVWgn59OHO9SE5QdywsmTTNEw-I4ei5k2jhDki29ub318ncL_69IOu0-3NH-p8Xhc6uaWHtFB0EZZr2uXUwZyQuhTomqY5R0Dsc3ID9fDTbfu8ztSNuWhmwD6ULL6jWzf0oZhyojnS5SpT7NwA-JwcRDcgnNyfx-T7xw_fzj5X5xefvpy9P698mXUpe-2C5R2YqA1nxksHKnZcW2_B69BoYTQLXHJpg1FRaOc7bmtuooDAnDwmr_feMvDlCri0Y48dDINLkFdsuVFGKq6YfAQqjJK1MKygr_5DN-X15St2lLFWWqFsofie6uaMOENsp7kf3XzdctbuKmz_VtjuKmz3FZbMy3vz6kcID4l_hRXgzR4o2Uf47gC1Kah7</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1778838248</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>‘Speaking up’ about patient safety concerns and unprofessional behaviour among residents: validation of two scales</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><creator>Martinez, William ; Etchegaray, Jason M ; Thomas, Eric J ; Hickson, Gerald B ; Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani ; Schleyer, Anneliese M ; Best, Jennifer A ; Shelburne, Julia T ; May, Natalie B ; Bell, Sigall K</creator><creatorcontrib>Martinez, William ; Etchegaray, Jason M ; Thomas, Eric J ; Hickson, Gerald B ; Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani ; Schleyer, Anneliese M ; Best, Jennifer A ; Shelburne, Julia T ; May, Natalie B ; Bell, Sigall K</creatorcontrib><description>ObjectiveTo develop and test the psychometric properties of two new survey scales aiming to measure the extent to which the clinical environment supports speaking up about (a) patient safety concerns and (b) unprofessional behaviour.MethodResidents from six large US academic medical centres completed an anonymous, electronic survey containing questions regarding safety culture and speaking up about safety and professionalism concerns.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported two separate, one-factor speaking up climates (SUCs) among residents; one focused on patient safety concerns (SUC-Safe scale) and the other focused on unprofessional behaviour (SUC-Prof scale). Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α>0.70) and were unique from validated safety and teamwork climate measures (r<0.85 for all correlations), a measure of discriminant validity. The SUC-Safe and SUC-Prof scales were associated with participants’ self-reported speaking up behaviour about safety and professionalism concerns (r=0.21, p<0.001 and r=0.22, p<0.001, respectively), a measure of concurrent validity, while teamwork and safety climate scales were not.ConclusionsWe created and provided evidence for the reliability and validity of two measures (SUC-Safe and SUC-Prof scales) associated with self-reported speaking up behaviour among residents. These two scales may fill an existing gap in residency and safety culture assessments by measuring the openness of communication about safety and professionalism concerns, two important aspects of safety culture that are under-represented in existing metrics.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2044-5415</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2044-5423</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004253</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26199427</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD</publisher><subject>Academic Medical Centers ; Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Curricula ; Factor analysis ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Health administration ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Male ; Organizational Culture ; Patient Safety ; Physicians ; Physicians - psychology ; Professional Misconduct ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Safety ; Safety management ; Surveys and Questionnaires - standards ; United States</subject><ispartof>BMJ quality & safety, 2015-11, Vol.24 (11), p.671-680</ispartof><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</rights><rights>Copyright: 2015 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b399t-b36ad81ce7f57107b3ae4fc158b8eb5d952750d13138d74f25abc18617f2ed0a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b399t-b36ad81ce7f57107b3ae4fc158b8eb5d952750d13138d74f25abc18617f2ed0a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/24/11/671.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/24/11/671.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,314,776,780,3183,23550,27901,27902,77342,77373</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26199427$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martinez, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etchegaray, Jason M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Eric J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hickson, Gerald B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schleyer, Anneliese M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Best, Jennifer A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shelburne, Julia T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>May, Natalie B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, Sigall K</creatorcontrib><title>‘Speaking up’ about patient safety concerns and unprofessional behaviour among residents: validation of two scales</title><title>BMJ quality & safety</title><addtitle>BMJ Qual Saf</addtitle><description>ObjectiveTo develop and test the psychometric properties of two new survey scales aiming to measure the extent to which the clinical environment supports speaking up about (a) patient safety concerns and (b) unprofessional behaviour.MethodResidents from six large US academic medical centres completed an anonymous, electronic survey containing questions regarding safety culture and speaking up about safety and professionalism concerns.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported two separate, one-factor speaking up climates (SUCs) among residents; one focused on patient safety concerns (SUC-Safe scale) and the other focused on unprofessional behaviour (SUC-Prof scale). Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α>0.70) and were unique from validated safety and teamwork climate measures (r<0.85 for all correlations), a measure of discriminant validity. The SUC-Safe and SUC-Prof scales were associated with participants’ self-reported speaking up behaviour about safety and professionalism concerns (r=0.21, p<0.001 and r=0.22, p<0.001, respectively), a measure of concurrent validity, while teamwork and safety climate scales were not.ConclusionsWe created and provided evidence for the reliability and validity of two measures (SUC-Safe and SUC-Prof scales) associated with self-reported speaking up behaviour among residents. These two scales may fill an existing gap in residency and safety culture assessments by measuring the openness of communication about safety and professionalism concerns, two important aspects of safety culture that are under-represented in existing metrics.</description><subject>Academic Medical Centers</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Attitude of Health Personnel</subject><subject>Curricula</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Factor Analysis, Statistical</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health administration</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internship and Residency</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Organizational Culture</subject><subject>Patient Safety</subject><subject>Physicians</subject><subject>Physicians - psychology</subject><subject>Professional Misconduct</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Safety</subject><subject>Safety management</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires - 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psychology</topic><topic>Professional Misconduct</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Safety</topic><topic>Safety management</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires - standards</topic><topic>United States</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martinez, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etchegaray, Jason M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Eric J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hickson, Gerald B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schleyer, Anneliese M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Best, Jennifer A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shelburne, Julia T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>May, Natalie B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, Sigall K</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><jtitle>BMJ quality & safety</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martinez, William</au><au>Etchegaray, Jason M</au><au>Thomas, Eric J</au><au>Hickson, Gerald B</au><au>Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani</au><au>Schleyer, Anneliese M</au><au>Best, Jennifer A</au><au>Shelburne, Julia T</au><au>May, Natalie B</au><au>Bell, Sigall K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>‘Speaking up’ about patient safety concerns and unprofessional behaviour among residents: validation of two scales</atitle><jtitle>BMJ quality & safety</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ Qual Saf</addtitle><date>2015-11</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>671</spage><epage>680</epage><pages>671-680</pages><issn>2044-5415</issn><eissn>2044-5423</eissn><abstract>ObjectiveTo develop and test the psychometric properties of two new survey scales aiming to measure the extent to which the clinical environment supports speaking up about (a) patient safety concerns and (b) unprofessional behaviour.MethodResidents from six large US academic medical centres completed an anonymous, electronic survey containing questions regarding safety culture and speaking up about safety and professionalism concerns.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported two separate, one-factor speaking up climates (SUCs) among residents; one focused on patient safety concerns (SUC-Safe scale) and the other focused on unprofessional behaviour (SUC-Prof scale). Both scales had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α>0.70) and were unique from validated safety and teamwork climate measures (r<0.85 for all correlations), a measure of discriminant validity. The SUC-Safe and SUC-Prof scales were associated with participants’ self-reported speaking up behaviour about safety and professionalism concerns (r=0.21, p<0.001 and r=0.22, p<0.001, respectively), a measure of concurrent validity, while teamwork and safety climate scales were not.ConclusionsWe created and provided evidence for the reliability and validity of two measures (SUC-Safe and SUC-Prof scales) associated with self-reported speaking up behaviour among residents. These two scales may fill an existing gap in residency and safety culture assessments by measuring the openness of communication about safety and professionalism concerns, two important aspects of safety culture that are under-represented in existing metrics.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</pub><pmid>26199427</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004253</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Academic Medical Centers Adult Attitude of Health Personnel Curricula Factor analysis Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Health administration Humans Internship and Residency Male Organizational Culture Patient Safety Physicians Physicians - psychology Professional Misconduct Psychometrics Reproducibility of Results Safety Safety management Surveys and Questionnaires - standards United States |
| title | ‘Speaking up’ about patient safety concerns and unprofessional behaviour among residents: validation of two scales |
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