Enhanced lipoxygenase activity is involved in the stress response but not in the harmful lipid peroxidation and cell death of short-term cadmium-treated barley root tip

Root growth inhibition and radial root swelling were the characteristic symptoms of barley root tips after the short-term exposure of roots to 15 and 30μM Cd. Higher Cd concentrations caused extensive cell death and root growth arrest. Enhanced lipid peroxidation was observed as early as 1h after the short-term treatment in a Cd concentration-dependent manner. In contrast to lipid peroxidation, the induction of lipoxygenase activity was detected only 3h after the exposure of roots to 15 or 30μM Cd. In addition, it was not observed in 60μM Cd-treated root tips. The highest lipoxygenase activity was detected 6h after 15μM Cd treatment in the meristematic and elongation zone of root tip and was probably associated with the radial expansion of cells. Our results indicate that the upregulation of lipoxygenase is an important component of stress response in barley roots to toxic Cd. It is probably involved in the morphological stress response of root tips or/and in the alleviation of Cd-induced toxic alterations in plant cell membranes, but it is not responsible for the Cd-induced harmful lipid peroxidation and cell death.