Iron–Nitrogen Coordination in Modified Graphene Catalyzes a Four‐Electron‐Transfer Oxygen Reduction Reaction

It is shown that iron–nitrogen (Fe/N) coordination in an Fe/N‐modified graphene (Fe/N‐graphene) electrocatalyst catalyzes a four‐electron transfer oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Fe/N‐graphene is synthesized by heat‐treating graphene oxides in the presence of an Fe/N complex at 900 °C for just 45 s. When the heat‐treatment period is increased, the Fe/N coordination bonds are broken and the number of electrons involved in the ORR decreases. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) show that both a complete sp2 graphitic structure and a high density of Fe/N coordination structures exist in the Fe/N‐graphene material, which is in contrast to the carbon‐based catalyst prepared by using the conventional pyrolysis method. XAS analysis also reveals that back‐donation from Fe atoms coordinated with N to an O antibonding π* orbital occurrs, promoting the four‐electron transfer ORR. Transfer lounge: Iron–nitrogen (Fe/N)‐modified graphene is synthesized through short‐duration heat treatment and possesses both the complete sp2 graphitic structure and a high density of Fe/N coordination structures. The Fe/N‐modified graphene exhibits a higher number of electrons for oxygen reduction reactions than equivalent catalysts that have been subjected to long periods of heat treatment.