Thermal and mineralogical investigations of iron archaeological materials
In Covasna area from Romania, some heterogeneous metallurgical waste (slag) has been identified by archaeological excavations. This paper presents the analytical investigations of such an iron material, performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray flu...
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description | In Covasna area from Romania, some heterogeneous metallurgical waste (slag) has been identified by archaeological excavations. This paper presents the analytical investigations of such an iron material, performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses. From mineralogical point of view, the samples collected from the artefact are dominated by fayalite and almandine. Also, the slag has an iron-dominated composition, with magnetite, tridymite and quartz, too. Meanwhile, the ratios SiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
and K
2
O/MgO are rather low (1.2–2), these being further proof for assigning the sample to a slag one. Because CaO, MgO, and K
2
O have low concentrations, it may be concluded that another material has been used to melt the mineral than the usually used wood and coal, most probably charcoal. The presence of vanadium is a proof of iron production from magnetite ore or hematite. Glass factor (G factor) of the monolithic samples has low values, corresponding to almandine–fayalite–tridymite–glass composite. The performed thermal analyses materialized into valuable information regarding the composition of the analysed materials. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10973-015-4659-0 |
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2
/Al
2
O
3
and K
2
O/MgO are rather low (1.2–2), these being further proof for assigning the sample to a slag one. Because CaO, MgO, and K
2
O have low concentrations, it may be concluded that another material has been used to melt the mineral than the usually used wood and coal, most probably charcoal. The presence of vanadium is a proof of iron production from magnetite ore or hematite. Glass factor (G factor) of the monolithic samples has low values, corresponding to almandine–fayalite–tridymite–glass composite. The performed thermal analyses materialized into valuable information regarding the composition of the analysed materials.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1388-6150</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1588-2926</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-8943</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10973-015-4659-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Analytical Chemistry ; Archaeology ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Diffraction ; Excavations (Archaeology) ; Hematite ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Investigations ; Iron ; Iron and steel making ; Magnesium oxide ; Magnetite ; Measurement Science and Instrumentation ; Physical Chemistry ; Polymer Sciences ; Proving ; Slags ; Thermal analysis ; X-ray fluorescence ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 2015-09, Vol.121 (3), p.1247-1253</ispartof><rights>Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2015</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-63845d7b6874d2ce4671043a85c00e1460d5ce745137bc5e1c463de5911635e23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-63845d7b6874d2ce4671043a85c00e1460d5ce745137bc5e1c463de5911635e23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10973-015-4659-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10973-015-4659-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ion, Rodica Mariana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radovici, Constantin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fierascu, Radu Claudiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fierascu, Irina</creatorcontrib><title>Thermal and mineralogical investigations of iron archaeological materials</title><title>Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry</title><addtitle>J Therm Anal Calorim</addtitle><description>In Covasna area from Romania, some heterogeneous metallurgical waste (slag) has been identified by archaeological excavations. This paper presents the analytical investigations of such an iron material, performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses. From mineralogical point of view, the samples collected from the artefact are dominated by fayalite and almandine. Also, the slag has an iron-dominated composition, with magnetite, tridymite and quartz, too. Meanwhile, the ratios SiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
and K
2
O/MgO are rather low (1.2–2), these being further proof for assigning the sample to a slag one. Because CaO, MgO, and K
2
O have low concentrations, it may be concluded that another material has been used to melt the mineral than the usually used wood and coal, most probably charcoal. The presence of vanadium is a proof of iron production from magnetite ore or hematite. Glass factor (G factor) of the monolithic samples has low values, corresponding to almandine–fayalite–tridymite–glass composite. The performed thermal analyses materialized into valuable information regarding the composition of the analysed materials.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Analytical Chemistry</subject><subject>Archaeology</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Diffraction</subject><subject>Excavations (Archaeology)</subject><subject>Hematite</subject><subject>Inorganic Chemistry</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron and steel making</subject><subject>Magnesium oxide</subject><subject>Magnetite</subject><subject>Measurement Science and Instrumentation</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Proving</subject><subject>Slags</subject><subject>Thermal analysis</subject><subject>X-ray fluorescence</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>1388-6150</issn><issn>1588-2926</issn><issn>1572-8943</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kT1PwzAQhiMEEqXwA9gywpByTvyRjFXFR6VKSFBmy3UuqavELnaK4N_jKjCwIA93Oj2PdfabJNcEZgRA3AUClSgyICyjnFUZnCQTwsoyy6ucn8a-iD0nDM6TixB2AFBVQCbJcr1F36suVbZOe2PRq861RseJsR8YBtOqwTgbUtekxjubKq-3Ct0v1asBvVFduEzOmljw6qdOk7eH-_XiKVs9Py4X81WmKadDxouSslpseClonWukXBCghSqZBkBCOdRMo6CMFGKjGZKoFTWyihBeMMyLaXIz3rv37v0QN5S9CRq7Tll0hyCJoFQAjc-O6GxEW9WhNLZxg1c6nhp7o53FxsT5nOaM8pJRGoXbP0JkBvwcWnUIQS5fX_6yZGS1dyF4bOTem175L0lAHjORYyYyZiKPmUiITj46IbK2RS937uBt_K5_pG-29I0U</recordid><startdate>20150901</startdate><enddate>20150901</enddate><creator>Ion, Rodica Mariana</creator><creator>Radovici, Constantin</creator><creator>Fierascu, Radu Claudiu</creator><creator>Fierascu, Irina</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150901</creationdate><title>Thermal and mineralogical investigations of iron archaeological materials</title><author>Ion, Rodica Mariana ; Radovici, Constantin ; Fierascu, Radu Claudiu ; Fierascu, Irina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-63845d7b6874d2ce4671043a85c00e1460d5ce745137bc5e1c463de5911635e23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Analytical Chemistry</topic><topic>Archaeology</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Diffraction</topic><topic>Excavations (Archaeology)</topic><topic>Hematite</topic><topic>Inorganic Chemistry</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron and steel making</topic><topic>Magnesium oxide</topic><topic>Magnetite</topic><topic>Measurement Science and Instrumentation</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Proving</topic><topic>Slags</topic><topic>Thermal analysis</topic><topic>X-ray fluorescence</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ion, Rodica Mariana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Radovici, Constantin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fierascu, Radu Claudiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fierascu, Irina</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ion, Rodica Mariana</au><au>Radovici, Constantin</au><au>Fierascu, Radu Claudiu</au><au>Fierascu, Irina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Thermal and mineralogical investigations of iron archaeological materials</atitle><jtitle>Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry</jtitle><stitle>J Therm Anal Calorim</stitle><date>2015-09-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>121</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1247</spage><epage>1253</epage><pages>1247-1253</pages><issn>1388-6150</issn><eissn>1588-2926</eissn><eissn>1572-8943</eissn><abstract>In Covasna area from Romania, some heterogeneous metallurgical waste (slag) has been identified by archaeological excavations. This paper presents the analytical investigations of such an iron material, performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thermal analyses. From mineralogical point of view, the samples collected from the artefact are dominated by fayalite and almandine. Also, the slag has an iron-dominated composition, with magnetite, tridymite and quartz, too. Meanwhile, the ratios SiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
and K
2
O/MgO are rather low (1.2–2), these being further proof for assigning the sample to a slag one. Because CaO, MgO, and K
2
O have low concentrations, it may be concluded that another material has been used to melt the mineral than the usually used wood and coal, most probably charcoal. The presence of vanadium is a proof of iron production from magnetite ore or hematite. Glass factor (G factor) of the monolithic samples has low values, corresponding to almandine–fayalite–tridymite–glass composite. The performed thermal analyses materialized into valuable information regarding the composition of the analysed materials.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10973-015-4659-0</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analysis Analytical Chemistry Archaeology Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Diffraction Excavations (Archaeology) Hematite Inorganic Chemistry Investigations Iron Iron and steel making Magnesium oxide Magnetite Measurement Science and Instrumentation Physical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Proving Slags Thermal analysis X-ray fluorescence X-rays |
title | Thermal and mineralogical investigations of iron archaeological materials |
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