Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Karoon River, Khuzestan Province, Iran
Karoon is the longest river in Iran and provides water for industries located along its banks, such as metal, petrochemical, and oil industries. It is also the source of drinking water for cities such as Ahwas, Abadan, and Khorramshahr. In this study, 34 and 18 surface sediment samples were collecte...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2015-12, Vol.22 (23), p.19077-19092 |
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| creator | Keshavarzi, Behnam Mokhtarzadeh, Zeinab Moore, Farid Rastegari Mehr, Meisam Lahijanzadeh, Ahmadreza Rostami, Soqra Kaabi, Helena |
| description | Karoon is the longest river in Iran and provides water for industries located along its banks, such as metal, petrochemical, and oil industries. It is also the source of drinking water for cities such as Ahwas, Abadan, and Khorramshahr. In this study, 34 and 18 surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measured concentrations of heavy metals were compared with US EPA sediment quality guidelines, and the results showed that Cu concentration was above the threshold effect level (TEL) in 65.67 % of the samples and Hg concentration was above the effect range median (ERM) in some samples. The results revealed that Hg was severely enriched (5 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-015-5080-8 |
| format | Article |
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It is also the source of drinking water for cities such as Ahwas, Abadan, and Khorramshahr. In this study, 34 and 18 surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measured concentrations of heavy metals were compared with US EPA sediment quality guidelines, and the results showed that Cu concentration was above the threshold effect level (TEL) in 65.67 % of the samples and Hg concentration was above the effect range median (ERM) in some samples. The results revealed that Hg was severely enriched (5 < enrichment factor < 20) and classified in very high ecological risk index category. It is the major metallic contaminant in the study area. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 11.54–117,730 μg/kg, with the mean value of 7034.55 μg/kg dominated by lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. The total potentially carcinogenic PAHs (∑cPAHs) in sediment samples ranged from 2.09 to 31,930 μg/kg, indicating high carcinogenic potential of sediments in the study area. The total toxic equivalent (TEQ) values ranged from 1.06 to 7228.7 μg/kg. Maximum TEQ occurred in Abadan oil refinery station followed by Khorramshahr soap factory and Abadan petrochemical complex. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis also revealed the relationships between the studied parameters and identified their probable sources.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5080-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26233736</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>aluminum ; Aquatic Pollution ; arsenic ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; cadmium ; Carcinogens ; Carcinogens - analysis ; chromium ; Cities ; Cluster Analysis ; Contaminants ; Contaminated sediments ; Copper ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental Health ; Geologic Sediments - analysis ; guidelines ; Heavy metal content ; Heavy metals ; industry ; Iran ; Laboratories ; lead ; Mercury ; Metal concentrations ; Metals ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Molecular weight ; nickel ; Oil and gas industry ; oils ; Petrochemicals ; Petroleum Pollution ; Pollutants ; Pollution ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis ; principal component analysis ; Principal components analysis ; Research Article ; risk ; Rivers ; Rivers - chemistry ; Sediment samplers ; Sediments ; Sewage disposal ; Studies ; toxicity ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water pollution ; Water Pollution Control ; Water Quality ; zinc</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015-12, Vol.22 (23), p.19077-19092</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-fdd45742c04960179b894adf30dc694395c22eaa2222051699f3355c216599753</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-fdd45742c04960179b894adf30dc694395c22eaa2222051699f3355c216599753</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-015-5080-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-015-5080-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26233736$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Keshavarzi, Behnam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mokhtarzadeh, Zeinab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Farid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rastegari Mehr, Meisam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lahijanzadeh, Ahmadreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rostami, Soqra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaabi, Helena</creatorcontrib><title>Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Karoon River, Khuzestan Province, Iran</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Karoon is the longest river in Iran and provides water for industries located along its banks, such as metal, petrochemical, and oil industries. It is also the source of drinking water for cities such as Ahwas, Abadan, and Khorramshahr. In this study, 34 and 18 surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measured concentrations of heavy metals were compared with US EPA sediment quality guidelines, and the results showed that Cu concentration was above the threshold effect level (TEL) in 65.67 % of the samples and Hg concentration was above the effect range median (ERM) in some samples. The results revealed that Hg was severely enriched (5 < enrichment factor < 20) and classified in very high ecological risk index category. It is the major metallic contaminant in the study area. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 11.54–117,730 μg/kg, with the mean value of 7034.55 μg/kg dominated by lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. The total potentially carcinogenic PAHs (∑cPAHs) in sediment samples ranged from 2.09 to 31,930 μg/kg, indicating high carcinogenic potential of sediments in the study area. The total toxic equivalent (TEQ) values ranged from 1.06 to 7228.7 μg/kg. Maximum TEQ occurred in Abadan oil refinery station followed by Khorramshahr soap factory and Abadan petrochemical complex. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis also revealed the relationships between the studied parameters and identified their probable sources.</description><subject>aluminum</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>arsenic</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>cadmium</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Carcinogens - analysis</subject><subject>chromium</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Contaminated sediments</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments - analysis</subject><subject>guidelines</subject><subject>Heavy metal content</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>industry</subject><subject>Iran</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>lead</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Keshavarzi, Behnam</au><au>Mokhtarzadeh, Zeinab</au><au>Moore, Farid</au><au>Rastegari Mehr, Meisam</au><au>Lahijanzadeh, Ahmadreza</au><au>Rostami, Soqra</au><au>Kaabi, Helena</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Karoon River, Khuzestan Province, Iran</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2015-12-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>19077</spage><epage>19092</epage><pages>19077-19092</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Karoon is the longest river in Iran and provides water for industries located along its banks, such as metal, petrochemical, and oil industries. It is also the source of drinking water for cities such as Ahwas, Abadan, and Khorramshahr. In this study, 34 and 18 surface sediment samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The measured concentrations of heavy metals were compared with US EPA sediment quality guidelines, and the results showed that Cu concentration was above the threshold effect level (TEL) in 65.67 % of the samples and Hg concentration was above the effect range median (ERM) in some samples. The results revealed that Hg was severely enriched (5 < enrichment factor < 20) and classified in very high ecological risk index category. It is the major metallic contaminant in the study area. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 11.54–117,730 μg/kg, with the mean value of 7034.55 μg/kg dominated by lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. The total potentially carcinogenic PAHs (∑cPAHs) in sediment samples ranged from 2.09 to 31,930 μg/kg, indicating high carcinogenic potential of sediments in the study area. The total toxic equivalent (TEQ) values ranged from 1.06 to 7228.7 μg/kg. Maximum TEQ occurred in Abadan oil refinery station followed by Khorramshahr soap factory and Abadan petrochemical complex. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis also revealed the relationships between the studied parameters and identified their probable sources.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>26233736</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-015-5080-8</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | aluminum Aquatic Pollution arsenic Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution cadmium Carcinogens Carcinogens - analysis chromium Cities Cluster Analysis Contaminants Contaminated sediments Copper Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental conditions Environmental Health Geologic Sediments - analysis guidelines Heavy metal content Heavy metals industry Iran Laboratories lead Mercury Metal concentrations Metals Metals, Heavy - analysis Molecular weight nickel Oil and gas industry oils Petrochemicals Petroleum Pollution Pollutants Pollution Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis principal component analysis Principal components analysis Research Article risk Rivers Rivers - chemistry Sediment samplers Sediments Sewage disposal Studies toxicity United States Environmental Protection Agency Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water pollution Water Pollution Control Water Quality zinc |
| title | Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Karoon River, Khuzestan Province, Iran |
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