Investigation of Hydrological Variability in West Africa Using Land Surface Models
The availability of freshwater is a particularly important issue in Africa where large portions of the continent are arid or semiarid and climate is highly variable. Sustainable water resource management requires the assessment of hydrological variability in response to nature climate fluctuation. I...
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| creator | Li, K. Y. Coe, M. T. Ramankutty, N. |
| description | The availability of freshwater is a particularly important issue in Africa where large portions of the continent are arid or semiarid and climate is highly variable. Sustainable water resource management requires the assessment of hydrological variability in response to nature climate fluctuation. In this study, a land surface model, the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), and a hydrological routing model, the Hydrological Routing Algorithm (HYDRA), are used to investigate the hydrological variability in two large basins, the Lake Chad basin (LCB) and the Niger River basin (NRB), located in West Africa, over the period from 1950 to 1995. The IBIS land surface hydrological module was calibrated and validated for arid and semiarid Africa, and major enhancements were made to the module, including the development of a dynamic root water–extraction formulation, the incorporation of a Green–Ampt infiltration parameterization, and modification to the prescribed root distribution, the runoff module, and weather generator. The results show that the hydrology in this area is highly variable over time and space. The coefficient of variance (CV) of annual rainfall ranges from 10%–15% in the southern portions of the basins to 30%–40% in the northern portions. The annual evapotranspiration (ET) varies with a slightly lower CV compared to the rainfall, but the runoff is extremely sensitive to the rainfall fluctuation, particularly in the central portions of the basins (8°–13°N in LCB and 12°–16°N in NRB) where the CVs in runoff are as high as 100%–200%. The annual river discharge varies largely in concert with the rainfall fluctuation, with the CV being 37% in LCB and 23%–63% in NRB. In terms of the whole basin, the relative hydrologic variability (rainfall, evapotranspiration, runoff, and river discharge) is significantly higher in the dry period than in the wet period, and the interannual variability in runoff is more than twice as high as compared to rainfall or ET. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/jcli3452.1 |
| format | Article |
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Y. ; Coe, M. T. ; Ramankutty, N.</creator><creatorcontrib>Li, K. Y. ; Coe, M. T. ; Ramankutty, N.</creatorcontrib><description>The availability of freshwater is a particularly important issue in Africa where large portions of the continent are arid or semiarid and climate is highly variable. Sustainable water resource management requires the assessment of hydrological variability in response to nature climate fluctuation. In this study, a land surface model, the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), and a hydrological routing model, the Hydrological Routing Algorithm (HYDRA), are used to investigate the hydrological variability in two large basins, the Lake Chad basin (LCB) and the Niger River basin (NRB), located in West Africa, over the period from 1950 to 1995. The IBIS land surface hydrological module was calibrated and validated for arid and semiarid Africa, and major enhancements were made to the module, including the development of a dynamic root water–extraction formulation, the incorporation of a Green–Ampt infiltration parameterization, and modification to the prescribed root distribution, the runoff module, and weather generator. The results show that the hydrology in this area is highly variable over time and space. The coefficient of variance (CV) of annual rainfall ranges from 10%–15% in the southern portions of the basins to 30%–40% in the northern portions. The annual evapotranspiration (ET) varies with a slightly lower CV compared to the rainfall, but the runoff is extremely sensitive to the rainfall fluctuation, particularly in the central portions of the basins (8°–13°N in LCB and 12°–16°N in NRB) where the CVs in runoff are as high as 100%–200%. The annual river discharge varies largely in concert with the rainfall fluctuation, with the CV being 37% in LCB and 23%–63% in NRB. In terms of the whole basin, the relative hydrologic variability (rainfall, evapotranspiration, runoff, and river discharge) is significantly higher in the dry period than in the wet period, and the interannual variability in runoff is more than twice as high as compared to rainfall or ET.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-8755</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0442</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/jcli3452.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Biosphere ; Climate ; Climate models ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Evapotranspiration ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Freshwater ; Freshwater resources ; Hydra ; Hydrological modeling ; Hydrology ; Hydrology. Hydrogeology ; Measures of variability ; Meteorology ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Resource management ; River basins ; River discharge ; River flow ; Rivers ; Root distribution ; Runoff ; Soil infiltration ; Soil water ; Stormwater ; Surface runoff ; Surface water ; Water availability ; Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation) ; Water resources ; Water resources management ; Watershed hydrology</subject><ispartof>Journal of climate, 2005-08, Vol.18 (16), p.3173-3188</ispartof><rights>2005 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Aug 15, 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-278d0a02183eed7c234837c354d7e6a84e7669f0bbbf126ca7080fa9a64d203e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-278d0a02183eed7c234837c354d7e6a84e7669f0bbbf126ca7080fa9a64d203e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26253667$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26253667$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,3668,27903,27904,57995,58228</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17118348$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, K. Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coe, M. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramankutty, N.</creatorcontrib><title>Investigation of Hydrological Variability in West Africa Using Land Surface Models</title><title>Journal of climate</title><description>The availability of freshwater is a particularly important issue in Africa where large portions of the continent are arid or semiarid and climate is highly variable. Sustainable water resource management requires the assessment of hydrological variability in response to nature climate fluctuation. In this study, a land surface model, the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), and a hydrological routing model, the Hydrological Routing Algorithm (HYDRA), are used to investigate the hydrological variability in two large basins, the Lake Chad basin (LCB) and the Niger River basin (NRB), located in West Africa, over the period from 1950 to 1995. The IBIS land surface hydrological module was calibrated and validated for arid and semiarid Africa, and major enhancements were made to the module, including the development of a dynamic root water–extraction formulation, the incorporation of a Green–Ampt infiltration parameterization, and modification to the prescribed root distribution, the runoff module, and weather generator. The results show that the hydrology in this area is highly variable over time and space. The coefficient of variance (CV) of annual rainfall ranges from 10%–15% in the southern portions of the basins to 30%–40% in the northern portions. The annual evapotranspiration (ET) varies with a slightly lower CV compared to the rainfall, but the runoff is extremely sensitive to the rainfall fluctuation, particularly in the central portions of the basins (8°–13°N in LCB and 12°–16°N in NRB) where the CVs in runoff are as high as 100%–200%. The annual river discharge varies largely in concert with the rainfall fluctuation, with the CV being 37% in LCB and 23%–63% in NRB. In terms of the whole basin, the relative hydrologic variability (rainfall, evapotranspiration, runoff, and river discharge) is significantly higher in the dry period than in the wet period, and the interannual variability in runoff is more than twice as high as compared to rainfall or ET.</description><subject>Biosphere</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Freshwater resources</subject><subject>Hydra</subject><subject>Hydrological modeling</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Hydrology. Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Measures of variability</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Resource management</subject><subject>River basins</subject><subject>River discharge</subject><subject>River flow</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Root distribution</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Soil infiltration</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>Stormwater</subject><subject>Surface runoff</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Water availability</subject><subject>Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation)</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><subject>Water resources management</subject><subject>Watershed hydrology</subject><issn>0894-8755</issn><issn>1520-0442</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1LAzEYhIMoWKsX70IQ9CCs5muT7LEUtZWKoFaPSzablCzbTU22Qv-9KS0Knt7DPO8wMwCcY3SLscjvGt06ynJyiw_AAOcEZYgxcggGSBYskyLPj8FJjA1CmHCEBuB12n2b2LuF6p3voLdwsqmDb_3CadXCDxWcqlzr-g10HfxMKBzZkDQ4j65bwJnqavi2DlZpA599bdp4Co6saqM5298hmD_cv48n2ezlcToezTLNGO0zImSNFCJYUmNqoQllkgpNc1YLw5VkRnBeWFRVlU1htRJIIqsKxVlNEDV0CK53vqvgv9YpWbl0UZu2VZ3x61hiQYtcFjyBl__Axq9Dl7KVhBApC0G20M0O0sHHGIwtV8EtVdiUGJXbbcun8Wy63bbECb7aO6qYZrJBddrFvw-BU6tUZwgudlwTex9-dcJJTjkX9AdnxIG4</recordid><startdate>20050815</startdate><enddate>20050815</enddate><creator>Li, K. 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T.</creator><creator>Ramankutty, N.</creator><general>American Meteorological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88F</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M1Q</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050815</creationdate><title>Investigation of Hydrological Variability in West Africa Using Land Surface Models</title><author>Li, K. Y. ; Coe, M. T. ; Ramankutty, N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-278d0a02183eed7c234837c354d7e6a84e7669f0bbbf126ca7080fa9a64d203e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Biosphere</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate models</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Evapotranspiration</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Freshwater resources</topic><topic>Hydra</topic><topic>Hydrological modeling</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Hydrology. Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Measures of variability</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>Resource management</topic><topic>River basins</topic><topic>River discharge</topic><topic>River flow</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Root distribution</topic><topic>Runoff</topic><topic>Soil infiltration</topic><topic>Soil water</topic><topic>Stormwater</topic><topic>Surface runoff</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Water availability</topic><topic>Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation)</topic><topic>Water resources</topic><topic>Water resources management</topic><topic>Watershed hydrology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, K. Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coe, M. 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Y.</au><au>Coe, M. T.</au><au>Ramankutty, N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigation of Hydrological Variability in West Africa Using Land Surface Models</atitle><jtitle>Journal of climate</jtitle><date>2005-08-15</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>16</issue><spage>3173</spage><epage>3188</epage><pages>3173-3188</pages><issn>0894-8755</issn><eissn>1520-0442</eissn><abstract>The availability of freshwater is a particularly important issue in Africa where large portions of the continent are arid or semiarid and climate is highly variable. Sustainable water resource management requires the assessment of hydrological variability in response to nature climate fluctuation. In this study, a land surface model, the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), and a hydrological routing model, the Hydrological Routing Algorithm (HYDRA), are used to investigate the hydrological variability in two large basins, the Lake Chad basin (LCB) and the Niger River basin (NRB), located in West Africa, over the period from 1950 to 1995. The IBIS land surface hydrological module was calibrated and validated for arid and semiarid Africa, and major enhancements were made to the module, including the development of a dynamic root water–extraction formulation, the incorporation of a Green–Ampt infiltration parameterization, and modification to the prescribed root distribution, the runoff module, and weather generator. The results show that the hydrology in this area is highly variable over time and space. The coefficient of variance (CV) of annual rainfall ranges from 10%–15% in the southern portions of the basins to 30%–40% in the northern portions. The annual evapotranspiration (ET) varies with a slightly lower CV compared to the rainfall, but the runoff is extremely sensitive to the rainfall fluctuation, particularly in the central portions of the basins (8°–13°N in LCB and 12°–16°N in NRB) where the CVs in runoff are as high as 100%–200%. The annual river discharge varies largely in concert with the rainfall fluctuation, with the CV being 37% in LCB and 23%–63% in NRB. In terms of the whole basin, the relative hydrologic variability (rainfall, evapotranspiration, runoff, and river discharge) is significantly higher in the dry period than in the wet period, and the interannual variability in runoff is more than twice as high as compared to rainfall or ET.</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/jcli3452.1</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; American Meteorological Society; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Biosphere Climate Climate models Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Evapotranspiration Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Freshwater Freshwater resources Hydra Hydrological modeling Hydrology Hydrology. Hydrogeology Measures of variability Meteorology Rain Rainfall Resource management River basins River discharge River flow Rivers Root distribution Runoff Soil infiltration Soil water Stormwater Surface runoff Surface water Water availability Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation) Water resources Water resources management Watershed hydrology |
| title | Investigation of Hydrological Variability in West Africa Using Land Surface Models |
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