Organophosphorus-Induced neurotoxicity in the absence of neuropathy target esterase inhibition : The effects of triphenyl phosphine in the European ferret

Abou-Donia et al. (in Toxicologist, Vol. 30, 1996) have reported that repeated oral administration of the organo-phosphorus compound triphenyl phosphine (TPPn) to the domestic chicken results in neuropathological changes in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves, accompanied by ataxia and paralysis. This study also noted that single doses of TPPn resulted in no inhibition of the enzymes neuropathy target esterase (NTE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We undertook the present study to determine the biochemical, neuropathological, and clinical effects of single doses of TPPn in the European ferret, a mammalian species shown to be susceptible to organophosphorus-induced neurotoxicity. Eight 12-week-old ferrets were each injected subcutaneously with either 250 mg TPPn/kg bw or 500 mg TPPn/kg bw, or with the peanut oil/ethyl ether vehicle. Twenty-four h after dosing, the brains of 5 animals from each dose group were examined for NTE and AChE activities. The remaining 3 animals in each group were observed for 6 days for the development of clinical signs, after which their brains were processed for the presence of axonal degeneration using the Fink-Heimer silver impregnation method. Single injections of TPPn had no effect on the activities of whole-brain NTE or AChE 24 h after injection. The animals observed for clinical signs showed increasing trunk and hindlimb ataxia beginning 4 days after injection, culminating in fore-and hindlimb paralysis 6 days after injection. All brains exposed to either dose of TPPn showed widespread axonal degeneration extending from the brainstem and cerebellum into midbrain and forebrain areas. The results of this study support the hypothesis that TPPn-induced neurotoxicity is a separate and distinct form of organophosphorus-induced neurotoxicity not dependent on NTE inhibition, and therefore not a variant of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN).