Blade Abandonment/Proliferation: A Novel Mechanism for Rapid Epiphyte Control in Marine Macrophytes
The strategy of blade abandonment and simultaneous rapid proliferation (via protoplasmic translocation) is unique to siphonaceous macroalgae owing to their lack of restrictive crosswalls. Siphonalean green algae often dominate the standing stocks and productivity of Caribbean mangrove island environ...
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description | The strategy of blade abandonment and simultaneous rapid proliferation (via protoplasmic translocation) is unique to siphonaceous macroalgae owing to their lack of restrictive crosswalls. Siphonalean green algae often dominate the standing stocks and productivity of Caribbean mangrove island environs and are also abundant in virtually all calm-water reef habitats. The experimental organism Avrainvillea longicaulis is particularly abundant in the study sites west of Carrie Bow Cay and Curlew Cay, Belize. The recycling of protoplasm out of older epiphytically impaired blades of A. longicaulis, and simultaneous formation of apical siphon extensions elsewhere, leads to rapid proliferation of new blades--hypothetically, at relatively low energy cost to the plant. The rapidity of siphon extension occurs at least an order of magnitude faster than that possible by photosynthetic production alone, resulting in fully formed proliferations within 3 d. At the same time, the older epiphytized blades become empty, first at the tips, then progressively toward the holdfast, appearing translucent-brown and flaccid within 3 d, followed by senescence. We hypothesize that A. longicaulis rapidly responds to epiphyte colonization/impairment by reallocating protoplasm for new growth through protoplasmic streaming. The alternative hypothesis, that the herbivorous crab Thersandrus compressus might beneficially control epiphytes on A. longicaulis, was falsified by its strong negative effects (i.e., decreased growth and increased host mortality). The hypothesis that allelopathic secondary chemicals may play an antifouling role also was not supported by our experiments; i.e., the consistently vigorous growth rates of the five dominant epiphyte species attached to A. longicaulis were not significantly less than populations of the same species attached to carbonate rock. All of the manipulative results (i.e., experimental induction of blade abandonment followed by new proliferation), as well as the populational survey findings (i.e., greater proliferation by epiphytized plants) and physiological data (i.e., photosynthetic inhibition by epiphytes), support the blade abandonment/proliferation hypothesis, thereby documenting an effective epiphyte-control strategy. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1736:bapanm]2.0.co;2 |
format | Article |
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Siphonalean green algae often dominate the standing stocks and productivity of Caribbean mangrove island environs and are also abundant in virtually all calm-water reef habitats. The experimental organism Avrainvillea longicaulis is particularly abundant in the study sites west of Carrie Bow Cay and Curlew Cay, Belize. The recycling of protoplasm out of older epiphytically impaired blades of A. longicaulis, and simultaneous formation of apical siphon extensions elsewhere, leads to rapid proliferation of new blades--hypothetically, at relatively low energy cost to the plant. The rapidity of siphon extension occurs at least an order of magnitude faster than that possible by photosynthetic production alone, resulting in fully formed proliferations within 3 d. At the same time, the older epiphytized blades become empty, first at the tips, then progressively toward the holdfast, appearing translucent-brown and flaccid within 3 d, followed by senescence. We hypothesize that A. longicaulis rapidly responds to epiphyte colonization/impairment by reallocating protoplasm for new growth through protoplasmic streaming. The alternative hypothesis, that the herbivorous crab Thersandrus compressus might beneficially control epiphytes on A. longicaulis, was falsified by its strong negative effects (i.e., decreased growth and increased host mortality). The hypothesis that allelopathic secondary chemicals may play an antifouling role also was not supported by our experiments; i.e., the consistently vigorous growth rates of the five dominant epiphyte species attached to A. longicaulis were not significantly less than populations of the same species attached to carbonate rock. All of the manipulative results (i.e., experimental induction of blade abandonment followed by new proliferation), as well as the populational survey findings (i.e., greater proliferation by epiphytized plants) and physiological data (i.e., photosynthetic inhibition by epiphytes), support the blade abandonment/proliferation hypothesis, thereby documenting an effective epiphyte-control strategy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1736:bapanm]2.0.co;2</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Algae ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Autoecology ; Avrainvillea ; Avrainvillea longicaulis ; Belize ; Biological and medical sciences ; Botany ; Coral reefs ; Crabs ; Environmental aspects ; Epiphytes ; epiphytism ; Flowers & plants ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Herbivores ; Keys ; Marine ecology ; Oceanography ; Plant growth ; Plants ; Plants and fungi ; Reefs ; seagrass beds ; siphonalean algae ; Thallus ; Thersandrus compressus</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 1999-07, Vol.80 (5), p.1736-1746</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1999 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>1999 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 1999 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Jul 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6196-1c0e1505eece00e63c407f088abaab9e39cecf9d5812c71066bda563be21f5803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6196-1c0e1505eece00e63c407f088abaab9e39cecf9d5812c71066bda563be21f5803</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/176562$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/176562$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1933453$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Littler, Mark M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Littler, Diane S.</creatorcontrib><title>Blade Abandonment/Proliferation: A Novel Mechanism for Rapid Epiphyte Control in Marine Macrophytes</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><description>The strategy of blade abandonment and simultaneous rapid proliferation (via protoplasmic translocation) is unique to siphonaceous macroalgae owing to their lack of restrictive crosswalls. Siphonalean green algae often dominate the standing stocks and productivity of Caribbean mangrove island environs and are also abundant in virtually all calm-water reef habitats. The experimental organism Avrainvillea longicaulis is particularly abundant in the study sites west of Carrie Bow Cay and Curlew Cay, Belize. The recycling of protoplasm out of older epiphytically impaired blades of A. longicaulis, and simultaneous formation of apical siphon extensions elsewhere, leads to rapid proliferation of new blades--hypothetically, at relatively low energy cost to the plant. The rapidity of siphon extension occurs at least an order of magnitude faster than that possible by photosynthetic production alone, resulting in fully formed proliferations within 3 d. At the same time, the older epiphytized blades become empty, first at the tips, then progressively toward the holdfast, appearing translucent-brown and flaccid within 3 d, followed by senescence. We hypothesize that A. longicaulis rapidly responds to epiphyte colonization/impairment by reallocating protoplasm for new growth through protoplasmic streaming. The alternative hypothesis, that the herbivorous crab Thersandrus compressus might beneficially control epiphytes on A. longicaulis, was falsified by its strong negative effects (i.e., decreased growth and increased host mortality). The hypothesis that allelopathic secondary chemicals may play an antifouling role also was not supported by our experiments; i.e., the consistently vigorous growth rates of the five dominant epiphyte species attached to A. longicaulis were not significantly less than populations of the same species attached to carbonate rock. All of the manipulative results (i.e., experimental induction of blade abandonment followed by new proliferation), as well as the populational survey findings (i.e., greater proliferation by epiphytized plants) and physiological data (i.e., photosynthetic inhibition by epiphytes), support the blade abandonment/proliferation hypothesis, thereby documenting an effective epiphyte-control strategy.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Autoecology</subject><subject>Avrainvillea</subject><subject>Avrainvillea longicaulis</subject><subject>Belize</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Botany</subject><subject>Coral reefs</subject><subject>Crabs</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Epiphytes</subject><subject>epiphytism</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Herbivores</subject><subject>Keys</subject><subject>Marine ecology</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Plants and fungi</subject><subject>Reefs</subject><subject>seagrass beds</subject><subject>siphonalean algae</subject><subject>Thallus</subject><subject>Thersandrus compressus</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqdkdtu1DAQhiMEEkvhHSJACCSy60PsxO1VGi0FqdtWHC4QQpbjTFqvEjvYWdC-PQ5bAUK9wr4YyfPN75n5k2SF0RKXAq0QwiQTnJUvsRDiFSrRF1xQftyoUdnhK1mipXYn5F6ywIKKTOAC3U8Wv6seJo9C2KJ4cF4uEn3aqxbSqlG2dXYAO62uvOtNB15NxtnjtEov3Hfo0w3oG2VNGNLO-fS9Gk2brkcz3uwnSGtnp1iWGptulDcWYtDe_UqGx8mDTvUBntzGo-TTm_XH-m12fnn2rq7OM82x4BnWCDBDDEADQsCpzlHRobJUjVKNACo06E60rMREFxhx3rSKcdoAwR0rET1KXhx0R---7SBMcjBBQ98rC24XZFxTUfAcR_DpP-DW7byNvUkSd8wYoyJCrw_QtepBGtu5ySt9DTZupncWOhOfK8ZyWpIyj3h2Bx5vC4PRd_FnBz6uKQQPnRy9GZTfS4zkbLScLZOzZXI2Wkaj5wm4PK2uqouNJBLJ-lKSqPT8dhoVtOo7r6w24Y-coDRnNGIfDtiP2Mj-f3-T6_rzDJSIzemo-uygug2T83-rEoqKKMEZJ_QnvyPO_Q</recordid><startdate>199907</startdate><enddate>199907</enddate><creator>Littler, Mark M.</creator><creator>Littler, Diane S.</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0U~</scope><scope>1-H</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>R05</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199907</creationdate><title>Blade Abandonment/Proliferation: A Novel Mechanism for Rapid Epiphyte Control in Marine Macrophytes</title><author>Littler, Mark M. ; Littler, Diane S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6196-1c0e1505eece00e63c407f088abaab9e39cecf9d5812c71066bda563be21f5803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Algae</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Autoecology</topic><topic>Avrainvillea</topic><topic>Avrainvillea longicaulis</topic><topic>Belize</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Botany</topic><topic>Coral reefs</topic><topic>Crabs</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Epiphytes</topic><topic>epiphytism</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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(Durham)</jtitle><date>1999-07</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1736</spage><epage>1746</epage><pages>1736-1746</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>The strategy of blade abandonment and simultaneous rapid proliferation (via protoplasmic translocation) is unique to siphonaceous macroalgae owing to their lack of restrictive crosswalls. Siphonalean green algae often dominate the standing stocks and productivity of Caribbean mangrove island environs and are also abundant in virtually all calm-water reef habitats. The experimental organism Avrainvillea longicaulis is particularly abundant in the study sites west of Carrie Bow Cay and Curlew Cay, Belize. The recycling of protoplasm out of older epiphytically impaired blades of A. longicaulis, and simultaneous formation of apical siphon extensions elsewhere, leads to rapid proliferation of new blades--hypothetically, at relatively low energy cost to the plant. The rapidity of siphon extension occurs at least an order of magnitude faster than that possible by photosynthetic production alone, resulting in fully formed proliferations within 3 d. At the same time, the older epiphytized blades become empty, first at the tips, then progressively toward the holdfast, appearing translucent-brown and flaccid within 3 d, followed by senescence. We hypothesize that A. longicaulis rapidly responds to epiphyte colonization/impairment by reallocating protoplasm for new growth through protoplasmic streaming. The alternative hypothesis, that the herbivorous crab Thersandrus compressus might beneficially control epiphytes on A. longicaulis, was falsified by its strong negative effects (i.e., decreased growth and increased host mortality). The hypothesis that allelopathic secondary chemicals may play an antifouling role also was not supported by our experiments; i.e., the consistently vigorous growth rates of the five dominant epiphyte species attached to A. longicaulis were not significantly less than populations of the same species attached to carbonate rock. All of the manipulative results (i.e., experimental induction of blade abandonment followed by new proliferation), as well as the populational survey findings (i.e., greater proliferation by epiphytized plants) and physiological data (i.e., photosynthetic inhibition by epiphytes), support the blade abandonment/proliferation hypothesis, thereby documenting an effective epiphyte-control strategy.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><doi>10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1736:bapanm]2.0.co;2</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Algae Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Autoecology Avrainvillea Avrainvillea longicaulis Belize Biological and medical sciences Botany Coral reefs Crabs Environmental aspects Epiphytes epiphytism Flowers & plants Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Herbivores Keys Marine ecology Oceanography Plant growth Plants Plants and fungi Reefs seagrass beds siphonalean algae Thallus Thersandrus compressus |
title | Blade Abandonment/Proliferation: A Novel Mechanism for Rapid Epiphyte Control in Marine Macrophytes |
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