Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex
•Cryptococcus neoformans is a complex of important human pathogens.•We provide evidence that at least seven species occur in the species complex.•The seven species are described, together with information on occurrence, epidemiology, virulence and host ranges.•MALDI-TOF MS can identify all seven spe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fungal genetics and biology 2015-05, Vol.78, p.16-48 |
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| creator | Hagen, Ferry Khayhan, Kantarawee Theelen, Bart Kolecka, Anna Polacheck, Itzhack Sionov, Edward Falk, Rama Parnmen, Sittiporn Lumbsch, H. Thorsten Boekhout, Teun |
| description | •Cryptococcus neoformans is a complex of important human pathogens.•We provide evidence that at least seven species occur in the species complex.•The seven species are described, together with information on occurrence, epidemiology, virulence and host ranges.•MALDI-TOF MS can identify all seven species.
Phylogenetic analysis of 11 genetic loci and results from many genotyping studies revealed significant genetic diversity with the pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Genealogical concordance, coalescence-based, and species tree approaches supported the presence of distinct and concordant lineages within the complex. Consequently, we propose to recognize the current C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans as separate species, and five species within C. gattii. The type strain of C. neoformans CBS132 represents a serotype AD hybrid and is replaced. The newly delimited species differ in aspects of pathogenicity, prevalence for patient groups, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects, such as susceptibility to antifungals. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry readily distinguishes the newly recognized species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.02.009 |
| format | Article |
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Phylogenetic analysis of 11 genetic loci and results from many genotyping studies revealed significant genetic diversity with the pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Genealogical concordance, coalescence-based, and species tree approaches supported the presence of distinct and concordant lineages within the complex. Consequently, we propose to recognize the current C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans as separate species, and five species within C. gattii. The type strain of C. neoformans CBS132 represents a serotype AD hybrid and is replaced. The newly delimited species differ in aspects of pathogenicity, prevalence for patient groups, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects, such as susceptibility to antifungals. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry readily distinguishes the newly recognized species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1087-1845</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0937</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.02.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25721988</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Cryptic species ; Cryptococcus gattii ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Cryptococcus neoformans - chemistry ; Cryptococcus neoformans - classification ; Cryptococcus neoformans - genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Molecular Typing ; Mycological Typing Techniques ; Pathogen ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Taxonomy ; Yeast</subject><ispartof>Fungal genetics and biology, 2015-05, Vol.78, p.16-48</ispartof><rights>2015 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-c906e10d5e794c8a355b22a1a57bf44e801ffe60da6d1f6963192be4d8ad5eb23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-c906e10d5e794c8a355b22a1a57bf44e801ffe60da6d1f6963192be4d8ad5eb23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5622-1916</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2015.02.009$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hagen, Ferry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khayhan, Kantarawee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Theelen, Bart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolecka, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polacheck, Itzhack</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sionov, Edward</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falk, Rama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parnmen, Sittiporn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lumbsch, H. Thorsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boekhout, Teun</creatorcontrib><title>Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex</title><title>Fungal genetics and biology</title><addtitle>Fungal Genet Biol</addtitle><description>•Cryptococcus neoformans is a complex of important human pathogens.•We provide evidence that at least seven species occur in the species complex.•The seven species are described, together with information on occurrence, epidemiology, virulence and host ranges.•MALDI-TOF MS can identify all seven species.
Phylogenetic analysis of 11 genetic loci and results from many genotyping studies revealed significant genetic diversity with the pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Genealogical concordance, coalescence-based, and species tree approaches supported the presence of distinct and concordant lineages within the complex. Consequently, we propose to recognize the current C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans as separate species, and five species within C. gattii. The type strain of C. neoformans CBS132 represents a serotype AD hybrid and is replaced. The newly delimited species differ in aspects of pathogenicity, prevalence for patient groups, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects, such as susceptibility to antifungals. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry readily distinguishes the newly recognized species.</description><subject>Cryptic species</subject><subject>Cryptococcus gattii</subject><subject>Cryptococcus neoformans</subject><subject>Cryptococcus neoformans - chemistry</subject><subject>Cryptococcus neoformans - classification</subject><subject>Cryptococcus neoformans - genetics</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Molecular Typing</subject><subject>Mycological Typing Techniques</subject><subject>Pathogen</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization</subject><subject>Taxonomy</subject><subject>Yeast</subject><issn>1087-1845</issn><issn>1096-0937</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUFr3DAQhUVoSNJNfkAvxcde7GhkS5boqSxJW1gIhOQsZHm00bK2XMkbuv8-WjZd6KU9zTB87zG8R8gnoBVQELebyq27ilHgFWUVpeqMXAFVoqSqbj8cdtmWIBt-ST6mtKEUgDdwQS4ZbxkoKa-IfkQb1qOffRiL4IqErzgWaULrMRV-LOYXLJZxP83BBmt3qVibefb-9q_biMGFOJgxnaQ2DNMWf1-Tc2e2CW_e54I83989LX-Uq4fvP5ffVqXlgs-lVVQg0J5jqxorTc15x5gBw9vONQ1KCs6hoL0RPTihRA2Kddj00mRNx-oF-XL0nWL4tcM068Eni9utyb_tkoa25grqRqr_o0IKpdqW1RmFI2pjSCmi01P0g4l7DVQfKtAbnSvQhwo0ZTpXkDWf3-133YD9SfEn8wx8PQKY83j1GHXKiY0Wex_RzroP_h_2bxfBmBo</recordid><startdate>20150501</startdate><enddate>20150501</enddate><creator>Hagen, Ferry</creator><creator>Khayhan, Kantarawee</creator><creator>Theelen, Bart</creator><creator>Kolecka, Anna</creator><creator>Polacheck, Itzhack</creator><creator>Sionov, Edward</creator><creator>Falk, Rama</creator><creator>Parnmen, Sittiporn</creator><creator>Lumbsch, H. Thorsten</creator><creator>Boekhout, Teun</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-1916</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20150501</creationdate><title>Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex</title><author>Hagen, Ferry ; Khayhan, Kantarawee ; Theelen, Bart ; Kolecka, Anna ; Polacheck, Itzhack ; Sionov, Edward ; Falk, Rama ; Parnmen, Sittiporn ; Lumbsch, H. 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Thorsten</au><au>Boekhout, Teun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex</atitle><jtitle>Fungal genetics and biology</jtitle><addtitle>Fungal Genet Biol</addtitle><date>2015-05-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>78</volume><spage>16</spage><epage>48</epage><pages>16-48</pages><issn>1087-1845</issn><eissn>1096-0937</eissn><abstract>•Cryptococcus neoformans is a complex of important human pathogens.•We provide evidence that at least seven species occur in the species complex.•The seven species are described, together with information on occurrence, epidemiology, virulence and host ranges.•MALDI-TOF MS can identify all seven species.
Phylogenetic analysis of 11 genetic loci and results from many genotyping studies revealed significant genetic diversity with the pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex. Genealogical concordance, coalescence-based, and species tree approaches supported the presence of distinct and concordant lineages within the complex. Consequently, we propose to recognize the current C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans as separate species, and five species within C. gattii. The type strain of C. neoformans CBS132 represents a serotype AD hybrid and is replaced. The newly delimited species differ in aspects of pathogenicity, prevalence for patient groups, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects, such as susceptibility to antifungals. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry readily distinguishes the newly recognized species.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25721988</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fgb.2015.02.009</doi><tpages>33</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-1916</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Cryptic species Cryptococcus gattii Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus neoformans - chemistry Cryptococcus neoformans - classification Cryptococcus neoformans - genetics Genetic Variation Genotype Molecular Typing Mycological Typing Techniques Pathogen Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Taxonomy Yeast |
| title | Recognition of seven species in the Cryptococcus gattii/Cryptococcus neoformans species complex |
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