Isolating stereotypical gender in a grammatical gender language: Evidence from eye movements
The present study investigates the effects of stereotypical gender during anaphor resolution in German. The study aims at isolating the effects of gender-stereotypical cues from the effects of grammatical gender. Experiment 1 employs descriptions of typically male, female, and neutral occupations th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied psycholinguistics 2015-07, Vol.36 (4), p.977-1006 |
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| creator | REALI, CHIARA ESAULOVA, YULIA VON STOCKHAUSEN, LISA |
| description | The present study investigates the effects of stereotypical gender during anaphor resolution in German. The study aims at isolating the effects of gender-stereotypical cues from the effects of grammatical gender. Experiment 1 employs descriptions of typically male, female, and neutral occupations that contain no grammatical cue to the referent gender, followed by a masculine or feminine role noun, in a reaction time priming paradigm. Experiment 2 uses eye-tracking methodology to examine how the gender typicality of these descriptions affects the resolution of a matching or mismatching anaphoric pronoun. Results show a mismatch effect manifest at very early stages of processing. Both experiments also reveal asymmetries in the processing of the two genders suggesting that the representation of female rather than male referents is more flexible in counterstereotypical contexts. No systematic relation is found between eye movements and individual gender attitude measures, whereas a reliable correlation is found with gender typicality ratings. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0142716414000010 |
| format | Article |
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The study aims at isolating the effects of gender-stereotypical cues from the effects of grammatical gender. Experiment 1 employs descriptions of typically male, female, and neutral occupations that contain no grammatical cue to the referent gender, followed by a masculine or feminine role noun, in a reaction time priming paradigm. Experiment 2 uses eye-tracking methodology to examine how the gender typicality of these descriptions affects the resolution of a matching or mismatching anaphoric pronoun. Results show a mismatch effect manifest at very early stages of processing. Both experiments also reveal asymmetries in the processing of the two genders suggesting that the representation of female rather than male referents is more flexible in counterstereotypical contexts. 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The study aims at isolating the effects of gender-stereotypical cues from the effects of grammatical gender. Experiment 1 employs descriptions of typically male, female, and neutral occupations that contain no grammatical cue to the referent gender, followed by a masculine or feminine role noun, in a reaction time priming paradigm. Experiment 2 uses eye-tracking methodology to examine how the gender typicality of these descriptions affects the resolution of a matching or mismatching anaphoric pronoun. Results show a mismatch effect manifest at very early stages of processing. Both experiments also reveal asymmetries in the processing of the two genders suggesting that the representation of female rather than male referents is more flexible in counterstereotypical contexts. No systematic relation is found between eye movements and individual gender attitude measures, whereas a reliable correlation is found with gender typicality ratings.</description><subject>Anaphora</subject><subject>Cognitive Psychology</subject><subject>Cognitive Structures</subject><subject>Cues</subject><subject>Eye movements</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>German language</subject><subject>Grammar</subject><subject>Grammatical gender</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Language attitudes</subject><subject>Language Processing</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Nouns</subject><subject>Occupations</subject><subject>Psycholinguistics</subject><subject>Reaction time</subject><subject>Reading Comprehension</subject><subject>Reference Groups</subject><subject>Resistance (Psychology)</subject><subject>Sentences</subject><subject>Sex Role</subject><subject>Sex Stereotypes</subject><subject>Stereotypes</subject><issn>0142-7164</issn><issn>1469-1817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>AVQMV</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>K50</sourceid><sourceid>M1D</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkd9LwzAQx4MoOKd_gG8BX3yp5pI0TX2TMXUw8EF9E0qaXktHf8ykHey_N2N7GIp4HNxx9_kedxwh18DugEFy_8ZA8gSUBMmCATshE5AqjUBDckomu3a065-TC-9XAdGc8wn5XPi-MUPdVdQP6LAftuvamoZW2BXoaN1RQytn2jZAR_XGdNVoKnyg801dYGeRlq5vKW6Rtv0GW-wGf0nOStN4vDrEKfl4mr_PXqLl6_Ni9riMrNBiiNBIFmuIJSsEDykCBxNquYot5EWqc8nR6ARtkjNblILZMo4F12WqUitQTMntfu7a9V8j-iFra2-xCUtiP_oMEhErybRU_6MqBZ7GMk0DevMDXfWj68IhgdIquIiTQMGesq733mGZrV3dGrfNgGW712S_XhM04qAxbe7qosKj0X-qvgGqUo8t</recordid><startdate>20150701</startdate><enddate>20150701</enddate><creator>REALI, CHIARA</creator><creator>ESAULOVA, YULIA</creator><creator>VON STOCKHAUSEN, LISA</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T9</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8BM</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AIMQZ</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AVQMV</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>CPGLG</scope><scope>CRLPW</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K50</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LIQON</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1D</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150701</creationdate><title>Isolating stereotypical gender in a grammatical gender language: Evidence from eye movements</title><author>REALI, CHIARA ; 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| subjects | Anaphora Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Structures Cues Eye movements Females Gender German language Grammar Grammatical gender Language Language attitudes Language Processing Males Nouns Occupations Psycholinguistics Reaction time Reading Comprehension Reference Groups Resistance (Psychology) Sentences Sex Role Sex Stereotypes Stereotypes |
| title | Isolating stereotypical gender in a grammatical gender language: Evidence from eye movements |
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