Valuing the commons: An international study on the recreational benefits of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea provides benefits to all of the nine nations along its coastline, with some 85 million people living within the catchment area. Achieving improvements in water quality requires international cooperation. The likelihood of effective cooperation is known to depend on the distribution ac...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of environmental management 2015-06, Vol.156, p.209-217
Hauptverfasser: Czajkowski, Mikołaj, Ahtiainen, Heini, Artell, Janne, Budziński, Wiktor, Hasler, Berit, Hasselström, Linus, Meyerhoff, Jürgen, Nõmmann, Tea, Semeniene, Daiva, Söderqvist, Tore, Tuhkanen, Heidi, Lankia, Tuija, Vanags, Alf, Zandersen, Marianne, Żylicz, Tomasz, Hanley, Nick
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container_end_page 217
container_issue
container_start_page 209
container_title Journal of environmental management
container_volume 156
creator Czajkowski, Mikołaj
Ahtiainen, Heini
Artell, Janne
Budziński, Wiktor
Hasler, Berit
Hasselström, Linus
Meyerhoff, Jürgen
Nõmmann, Tea
Semeniene, Daiva
Söderqvist, Tore
Tuhkanen, Heidi
Lankia, Tuija
Vanags, Alf
Zandersen, Marianne
Żylicz, Tomasz
Hanley, Nick
description The Baltic Sea provides benefits to all of the nine nations along its coastline, with some 85 million people living within the catchment area. Achieving improvements in water quality requires international cooperation. The likelihood of effective cooperation is known to depend on the distribution across countries of the benefits and costs of actions needed to improve water quality. In this paper, we estimate the benefits associated with recreational use of the Baltic Sea in current environmental conditions using a travel cost approach, based on data from a large, standardized survey of households in each of the 9 Baltic Sea states. Both the probability of engaging in recreation (participation) and the number of visits people make are modeled. A large variation in the number of trips and the extent of participation is found, along with large differences in current annual economic benefits from Baltic Sea recreation. The total annual recreation benefits are close to 15 billion EUR. Under a water quality improvement scenario, the proportional increases in benefits range from 7 to 18% of the current annual benefits across countries. Depending on how the costs of actions are distributed, this could imply difficulties in achieving more international cooperation to achieve such improvements. •Pollution has reduced important recreation benefits provided by the Baltic Sea.•A 9-country study of the economic value of recreational benefits is undertaken.•Large variations in economic benefits per trip and per country are found.•Benefits of an improvement in water quality are estimated for each country.•The distribution of benefits across countries could imply difficulties in reaching international agreements.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.038
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subjects Atlantic Ocean
Baltic States
Conservation of Natural Resources - economics
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Environmental conditions
Environmental management
Humans
International Cooperation
International public good
International relations
Models, Theoretical
Recreation
Recreation - economics
Recreational value
The Baltic Sea
Travel - economics
Travel cost method
Water quality
Water Quality - standards
title Valuing the commons: An international study on the recreational benefits of the Baltic Sea
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