Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial (hypopnea) or complete interruption (apnea) in breathing during sleep due to airway collapse in the pharyngeal region. OSA and its cardiovascular consequences have been widely explored in observational and prospective st...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of human hypertension 2015-12, Vol.29 (12), p.705-712 |
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| description | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial (hypopnea) or complete interruption (apnea) in breathing during sleep due to airway collapse in the pharyngeal region. OSA and its cardiovascular consequences have been widely explored in observational and prospective studies. Most evidence verifies the positive relationship between OSA and hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke and heart failure. However, more studies are needed to better assess the impact of OSA, and possible benefit of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality. The leading pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the changes triggered by OSA, include intermittent hypoxemia and re-oxygenation, arousals and changes in intrathoracic pressure. Hypertension is strongly related with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and impairment of endothelial function. The high prevalence of OSA in the general population, hypertensive patients and especially obese individuals and patients resistant to antihypertensive therapy, highlights the need for effective screening, diagnosis and treatment of OSA to decrease cardiovascular risk. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/jhh.2015.15 |
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OSA and its cardiovascular consequences have been widely explored in observational and prospective studies. Most evidence verifies the positive relationship between OSA and hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke and heart failure. However, more studies are needed to better assess the impact of OSA, and possible benefit of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality. The leading pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the changes triggered by OSA, include intermittent hypoxemia and re-oxygenation, arousals and changes in intrathoracic pressure. Hypertension is strongly related with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and impairment of endothelial function. The high prevalence of OSA in the general population, hypertensive patients and especially obese individuals and patients resistant to antihypertensive therapy, highlights the need for effective screening, diagnosis and treatment of OSA to decrease cardiovascular risk.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-9240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5527</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2015.15</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25761667</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/699/75/243 ; Aldosterone ; Angiotensin ; Antihypertensives ; Apnea ; Atrial fibrillation ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Care and treatment ; Complications and side effects ; Congestive heart failure ; Continuous positive airway pressure ; Coronary artery ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Dyslipidemia ; Epidemiology ; Fibrillation ; Health Administration ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Hypertension - etiology ; Hypoxemia ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Oxygenation ; Patient outcomes ; Pharynx ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Public Health ; Renin ; Respiratory tract ; review ; Risk factors ; Sleep ; Sleep apnea ; Sleep apnea syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - complications ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - epidemiology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - therapy ; Sleep disorders ; Sympathetic nervous system</subject><ispartof>Journal of human hypertension, 2015-12, Vol.29 (12), p.705-712</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Dec 2015</rights><rights>Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-3a756f743a8e445ef34da4ce841e070a01650e3d70427f47f9d07c2122e448633</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-3a756f743a8e445ef34da4ce841e070a01650e3d70427f47f9d07c2122e448633</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25761667$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gonzaga, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertolami, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bertolami, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amodeo, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calhoun, D</creatorcontrib><title>Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases</title><title>Journal of human hypertension</title><addtitle>J Hum Hypertens</addtitle><addtitle>J Hum Hypertens</addtitle><description>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial (hypopnea) or complete interruption (apnea) in breathing during sleep due to airway collapse in the pharyngeal region. OSA and its cardiovascular consequences have been widely explored in observational and prospective studies. Most evidence verifies the positive relationship between OSA and hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke and heart failure. However, more studies are needed to better assess the impact of OSA, and possible benefit of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality. The leading pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the changes triggered by OSA, include intermittent hypoxemia and re-oxygenation, arousals and changes in intrathoracic pressure. Hypertension is strongly related with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and impairment of endothelial function. The high prevalence of OSA in the general population, hypertensive patients and especially obese individuals and patients resistant to antihypertensive therapy, highlights the need for effective screening, diagnosis and treatment of OSA to decrease cardiovascular risk.</description><subject>692/699/75/243</subject><subject>Aldosterone</subject><subject>Angiotensin</subject><subject>Antihypertensives</subject><subject>Apnea</subject><subject>Atrial fibrillation</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Congestive heart failure</subject><subject>Continuous positive airway pressure</subject><subject>Coronary artery</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Dyslipidemia</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Fibrillation</subject><subject>Health Administration</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hypertension - etiology</subject><subject>Hypoxemia</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Oxygenation</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Pharynx</subject><subject>Positive-Pressure Respiration</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Renin</subject><subject>Respiratory tract</subject><subject>review</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep apnea</subject><subject>Sleep apnea syndromes</subject><subject>Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - complications</subject><subject>Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - therapy</subject><subject>Sleep disorders</subject><subject>Sympathetic nervous system</subject><issn>0950-9240</issn><issn>1476-5527</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1r3DAQxUVpabZpT70XQ6EUGm_1Lfu4hH5BIJf2LBR5HGvxSq7GDuS_r8ymbVJC0UGg-c0bvXmEvGZ0y6hoPu6HYcspU1umnpANk0bXSnHzlGxoq2jdcklPyAvEPaVrsXlOTrgymmltNmR3eYVzXvwcbqDCEWCq3BTBnVXD7QR5hoghxcrFrvIudyHdOPTL6HLVBQSHgC_Js96NCK_u7lPy4_On7-df64vLL9_Odxe1V8zMtXBG6d5I4RqQUkEvZOekh0YyoIY6yrSiIDpDJTe9NH3bUeM547zgjRbilLw_6k45_VwAZ3sI6GEcXYS0oGVGcNWWAaagb_9B92nJsfzOciGYZqox6n_UqiXKtmj7l7p2I9gQ-zRn59fRdieFEqpthC7U9hGqnA4OwacIfSjvDxre3WsYwI3zgGlc5rJtfAh-OII-J8QMvZ1yOLh8axm1a_625G_X_C1bPb2587RcHaD7w_4OvABnRwBLKV5Dvmf6Eb1fvLy0tQ</recordid><startdate>20151201</startdate><enddate>20151201</enddate><creator>Gonzaga, C</creator><creator>Bertolami, A</creator><creator>Bertolami, M</creator><creator>Amodeo, C</creator><creator>Calhoun, D</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20151201</creationdate><title>Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases</title><author>Gonzaga, C ; Bertolami, A ; Bertolami, M ; Amodeo, C ; Calhoun, D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-3a756f743a8e445ef34da4ce841e070a01650e3d70427f47f9d07c2122e448633</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>692/699/75/243</topic><topic>Aldosterone</topic><topic>Angiotensin</topic><topic>Antihypertensives</topic><topic>Apnea</topic><topic>Atrial fibrillation</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Congestive heart failure</topic><topic>Continuous positive airway pressure</topic><topic>Coronary artery</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Dyslipidemia</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Fibrillation</topic><topic>Health Administration</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of human hypertension</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gonzaga, C</au><au>Bertolami, A</au><au>Bertolami, M</au><au>Amodeo, C</au><au>Calhoun, D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases</atitle><jtitle>Journal of human hypertension</jtitle><stitle>J Hum Hypertens</stitle><addtitle>J Hum Hypertens</addtitle><date>2015-12-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>705</spage><epage>712</epage><pages>705-712</pages><issn>0950-9240</issn><eissn>1476-5527</eissn><abstract>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial (hypopnea) or complete interruption (apnea) in breathing during sleep due to airway collapse in the pharyngeal region. OSA and its cardiovascular consequences have been widely explored in observational and prospective studies. Most evidence verifies the positive relationship between OSA and hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke and heart failure. However, more studies are needed to better assess the impact of OSA, and possible benefit of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and cardiovascular mortality. The leading pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the changes triggered by OSA, include intermittent hypoxemia and re-oxygenation, arousals and changes in intrathoracic pressure. Hypertension is strongly related with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and impairment of endothelial function. The high prevalence of OSA in the general population, hypertensive patients and especially obese individuals and patients resistant to antihypertensive therapy, highlights the need for effective screening, diagnosis and treatment of OSA to decrease cardiovascular risk.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>25761667</pmid><doi>10.1038/jhh.2015.15</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 692/699/75/243 Aldosterone Angiotensin Antihypertensives Apnea Atrial fibrillation Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Care and treatment Complications and side effects Congestive heart failure Continuous positive airway pressure Coronary artery Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Dyslipidemia Epidemiology Fibrillation Health Administration Humans Hypertension Hypertension - epidemiology Hypertension - etiology Hypoxemia Insulin Insulin resistance Medicine Medicine & Public Health Oxygenation Patient outcomes Pharynx Positive-Pressure Respiration Public Health Renin Respiratory tract review Risk factors Sleep Sleep apnea Sleep apnea syndromes Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - complications Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - epidemiology Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - therapy Sleep disorders Sympathetic nervous system |
| title | Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases |
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