Geogenic distribution and baseline concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the Ganges River, India
The search for a better understanding of heavy metal distribution in large river sediments is a major concern in the exogenic cycling of elements through fluvial processes and in assessing the effects of anthropogenic influences. From the Asian continent, the Ganges River contributes a significant a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geochemical exploration 2003-08, Vol.80 (1), p.1-17 |
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| description | The search for a better understanding of heavy metal distribution in large river sediments is a major concern in the exogenic cycling of elements through fluvial processes and in assessing the effects of anthropogenic influences. From the Asian continent, the Ganges River contributes a significant amount of sediments to the world's ocean. Freshly deposited sediments of the Ganges River were analyzed from 27 locations along the 1700-km-long channel length by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine heavy metal concentration. Total metal concentration in the |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00016-5 |
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3 tons Cr; 1313×10
3 tons Mn; 30,020×10
3 tons Fe; 14×10
3 tons Co; 35×10
3 tons Ni; 41×10
3 tons Cu; 78×10
3 tons Zn; 0.43×10
3 tons Cd and 16.4×10
3 tons Pb annually to the Bay of Bengal. The extensive physical weathering of the Himalayas and monsoon-controlled fluvial process results in the strong homogenization in heavy metal distribution in the river sediments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0375-6742</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1689</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00016-5</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JGCEAT</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Baseline concentration ; Brackish ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; Freshwater ; Ganges River ; Geochemistry ; Heavy metals ; Sediment geochemistry ; Soil and rock geochemistry</subject><ispartof>Journal of geochemical exploration, 2003-08, Vol.80 (1), p.1-17</ispartof><rights>2003 Elsevier Science B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a457t-af7a090da58ab79c3a6285674aa48ffa8484ab17e4b55a47fefaa01c7913e87b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a457t-af7a090da58ab79c3a6285674aa48ffa8484ab17e4b55a47fefaa01c7913e87b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00016-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14989118$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Singh, Munendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, German</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, I.B</creatorcontrib><title>Geogenic distribution and baseline concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the Ganges River, India</title><title>Journal of geochemical exploration</title><description>The search for a better understanding of heavy metal distribution in large river sediments is a major concern in the exogenic cycling of elements through fluvial processes and in assessing the effects of anthropogenic influences. From the Asian continent, the Ganges River contributes a significant amount of sediments to the world's ocean. Freshly deposited sediments of the Ganges River were analyzed from 27 locations along the 1700-km-long channel length by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine heavy metal concentration. Total metal concentration in the <20-μm-sediment fraction varies in the range of Cr 121–200 mg/kg, Mn 1150–3070 mg/kg, Fe 34,100–46,200 mg/kg, Co 14.7–25.3 mg/kg, Ni 35–63 mg/kg, Cu 44–69 mg/kg, Zn 87–181 mg/kg, Cd 0.41–1.31 mg/kg and Pb 18–35 mg/kg. Baseline concentration of the river sediments was established for Cr 147 mg/kg, Mn 1764 mg/kg, Fe 40,346 mg/kg, Co 19.2 mg/kg, Ni 47 mg/kg, Cu 55 mg/kg, Zn 105 mg/kg, Cd 0.58 mg/kg and Pb 22 mg/kg. Higher concentration of lithophile elements (Cr and Mn) than the world average indicates that the Ganges River basin receives contribution from basic rocks in crystalline zone of the Himalayan region. In the upper 700-km-long Ganges River segments (UGR), heavy metal profiles (except for Mn) show distinct downstream decreasing trend due to physical sorting of river sediments. River sediments of the northern Indian craton are enriched in Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. In comparison to high sediment influx by the Himalayan rivers, the northern Indian craton rivers play insignificant role in controlling heavy metal distribution at regional level in 1000-km-long segment of the lower Ganges River (LGR). Metal concentration increased in the clay size fraction by a factor of 1.5–2.5 as compared to the established baseline concentration in the <20-μm-sediment fraction. The Ganges River sediments of the present study can be classified by Müller's geo-accumulation index as basically unpolluted with respect to these heavy metals. The concentration of Cr, Ni and Cu was reported above the lowest effect level (LEL) that may have adverse effect on the biogeochemistry of the river's environment. The Ganges River transports 109×10
3 tons Cr; 1313×10
3 tons Mn; 30,020×10
3 tons Fe; 14×10
3 tons Co; 35×10
3 tons Ni; 41×10
3 tons Cu; 78×10
3 tons Zn; 0.43×10
3 tons Cd and 16.4×10
3 tons Pb annually to the Bay of Bengal. The extensive physical weathering of the Himalayas and monsoon-controlled fluvial process results in the strong homogenization in heavy metal distribution in the river sediments.</description><subject>Baseline concentration</subject><subject>Brackish</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Ganges River</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Sediment geochemistry</subject><subject>Soil and rock geochemistry</subject><issn>0375-6742</issn><issn>1879-1689</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEQgIMoWB8_QchFUXA16Sab7EmkaBUEwcc5zGYnNrLNarIt-O9NW9Gjp4GZb14fIUecXXDGq8tnVipZVEqMT1l5xljOFXKLjLhWdcErXW-T0S-yS_ZSel9BSlQjMpti_4bBW9r6NETfLAbfBwqhpQ0k7HxAavtgMQwR1qXe0RnC8ovOcYAuUR9owtbPM5FWxWGGdArhDRN98kuM5_Q-tB4OyI7LOB7-xH3yenvzMrkrHh6n95PrhwKEVEMBTgGrWQtSQ6NqW0I11jIfDiC0c6CFFtBwhaKREoRy6AAYt6rmJWrVlPvkZDP3I_afC0yDmftksesgYL9IhqtxreS4yqDcgDb2KUV05iP6OcQvw5lZeTVrr2YlzbDSrL0amfuOfxZAstC5CMH69Ncsal1zrjN3teEwf7v0GE2yHrPJ1ke0g2l7_8-mb-T5jdk</recordid><startdate>20030801</startdate><enddate>20030801</enddate><creator>Singh, Munendra</creator><creator>Müller, German</creator><creator>Singh, I.B</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030801</creationdate><title>Geogenic distribution and baseline concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the Ganges River, India</title><author>Singh, Munendra ; Müller, German ; Singh, I.B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a457t-af7a090da58ab79c3a6285674aa48ffa8484ab17e4b55a47fefaa01c7913e87b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Baseline concentration</topic><topic>Brackish</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Ganges River</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Sediment geochemistry</topic><topic>Soil and rock geochemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Singh, Munendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, German</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, I.B</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of geochemical exploration</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Singh, Munendra</au><au>Müller, German</au><au>Singh, I.B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Geogenic distribution and baseline concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the Ganges River, India</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geochemical exploration</jtitle><date>2003-08-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>17</epage><pages>1-17</pages><issn>0375-6742</issn><eissn>1879-1689</eissn><coden>JGCEAT</coden><abstract>The search for a better understanding of heavy metal distribution in large river sediments is a major concern in the exogenic cycling of elements through fluvial processes and in assessing the effects of anthropogenic influences. From the Asian continent, the Ganges River contributes a significant amount of sediments to the world's ocean. Freshly deposited sediments of the Ganges River were analyzed from 27 locations along the 1700-km-long channel length by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine heavy metal concentration. Total metal concentration in the <20-μm-sediment fraction varies in the range of Cr 121–200 mg/kg, Mn 1150–3070 mg/kg, Fe 34,100–46,200 mg/kg, Co 14.7–25.3 mg/kg, Ni 35–63 mg/kg, Cu 44–69 mg/kg, Zn 87–181 mg/kg, Cd 0.41–1.31 mg/kg and Pb 18–35 mg/kg. Baseline concentration of the river sediments was established for Cr 147 mg/kg, Mn 1764 mg/kg, Fe 40,346 mg/kg, Co 19.2 mg/kg, Ni 47 mg/kg, Cu 55 mg/kg, Zn 105 mg/kg, Cd 0.58 mg/kg and Pb 22 mg/kg. Higher concentration of lithophile elements (Cr and Mn) than the world average indicates that the Ganges River basin receives contribution from basic rocks in crystalline zone of the Himalayan region. In the upper 700-km-long Ganges River segments (UGR), heavy metal profiles (except for Mn) show distinct downstream decreasing trend due to physical sorting of river sediments. River sediments of the northern Indian craton are enriched in Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. In comparison to high sediment influx by the Himalayan rivers, the northern Indian craton rivers play insignificant role in controlling heavy metal distribution at regional level in 1000-km-long segment of the lower Ganges River (LGR). Metal concentration increased in the clay size fraction by a factor of 1.5–2.5 as compared to the established baseline concentration in the <20-μm-sediment fraction. The Ganges River sediments of the present study can be classified by Müller's geo-accumulation index as basically unpolluted with respect to these heavy metals. The concentration of Cr, Ni and Cu was reported above the lowest effect level (LEL) that may have adverse effect on the biogeochemistry of the river's environment. The Ganges River transports 109×10
3 tons Cr; 1313×10
3 tons Mn; 30,020×10
3 tons Fe; 14×10
3 tons Co; 35×10
3 tons Ni; 41×10
3 tons Cu; 78×10
3 tons Zn; 0.43×10
3 tons Cd and 16.4×10
3 tons Pb annually to the Bay of Bengal. The extensive physical weathering of the Himalayas and monsoon-controlled fluvial process results in the strong homogenization in heavy metal distribution in the river sediments.</abstract><cop>London</cop><cop>Amsterdam</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00016-5</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Baseline concentration Brackish Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Freshwater Ganges River Geochemistry Heavy metals Sediment geochemistry Soil and rock geochemistry |
| title | Geogenic distribution and baseline concentration of heavy metals in sediments of the Ganges River, India |
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