A Nuclear Microscopic Study of Elemental Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Kainate‐Induced Neuronal Injury
: The effect of intracerebroventricular kainate injection on the elemental composition of the hippocampus was studied in adult Wistar rats, at 1 day and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection, using a nuclear microscope. An increase in calcium concentration was observed on the injected side from 1 day p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of neurochemistry 1999-04, Vol.72 (4), p.1574-1579 |
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| creator | Ong, Wei‐Yi Ren, Min‐Qin Makjanić, Jagoda Lim, Tit‐Meng Watt, Frank |
| description | : The effect of intracerebroventricular kainate injection on the elemental composition of the hippocampus was studied in adult Wistar rats, at 1 day and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection, using a nuclear microscope. An increase in calcium concentration was observed on the injected side from 1 day postinjection. The increase peaked at 3 weeks postinjection, reaching a concentration of 18 times normal. Large numbers of glial cells but no neurons were observed in the lesioned CA fields at this time, suggesting that an increased calcium level was present in glial cells. This was confirmed by high‐resolution elemental maps of the lesioned areas, which showed very high intracellular calcium concentrations in almost all glial cells. It is possible that the high intracellular calcium level could activate calcium‐dependent enzymes, including calpain II and cytosolic phospholipase A2, shown to be expressed in reactive glial cells after kainate injections. In addition to calcium, an increase in iron content was also observed at the periphery of the glial scar at 4 weeks postinjection. Because free iron could catalyze the formation of free radicals, the late increase in iron content may be related to oxygen radical formation during neurodegeneration. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721574.x |
| format | Article |
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An increase in calcium concentration was observed on the injected side from 1 day postinjection. The increase peaked at 3 weeks postinjection, reaching a concentration of 18 times normal. Large numbers of glial cells but no neurons were observed in the lesioned CA fields at this time, suggesting that an increased calcium level was present in glial cells. This was confirmed by high‐resolution elemental maps of the lesioned areas, which showed very high intracellular calcium concentrations in almost all glial cells. It is possible that the high intracellular calcium level could activate calcium‐dependent enzymes, including calpain II and cytosolic phospholipase A2, shown to be expressed in reactive glial cells after kainate injections. In addition to calcium, an increase in iron content was also observed at the periphery of the glial scar at 4 weeks postinjection. Because free iron could catalyze the formation of free radicals, the late increase in iron content may be related to oxygen radical formation during neurodegeneration.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3042</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-4159</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721574.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10098863</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JONRA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Alzheimer’s disease ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Astrocytes - chemistry ; Astrocytes - cytology ; Astrocytes - ultrastructure ; Biological and medical sciences ; Calcium ; Calcium - analysis ; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists ; Excitotoxicity ; Hippocampus - chemistry ; Hippocampus - drug effects ; Hippocampus - pathology ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Kainic Acid ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - chemistry ; Macrophages - cytology ; Macrophages - ultrastructure ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission ; Nerve Degeneration - chemically induced ; Nerve Degeneration - pathology ; Neurology ; Neurotoxins ; Nissl Bodies - pathology ; Nuclear microscope ; Pyramidal Cells - chemistry ; Pyramidal Cells - pathology ; Pyramidal Cells - ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</subject><ispartof>Journal of neurochemistry, 1999-04, Vol.72 (4), p.1574-1579</ispartof><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4824-da17dbf33874e1c684f6de03d983de53c6f59bcc89d4e15283b36f5bfb2934aa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4824-da17dbf33874e1c684f6de03d983de53c6f59bcc89d4e15283b36f5bfb2934aa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.1999.721574.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.1999.721574.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1791212$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10098863$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ong, Wei‐Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Min‐Qin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makjanić, Jagoda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Tit‐Meng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watt, Frank</creatorcontrib><title>A Nuclear Microscopic Study of Elemental Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Kainate‐Induced Neuronal Injury</title><title>Journal of neurochemistry</title><addtitle>J Neurochem</addtitle><description>: The effect of intracerebroventricular kainate injection on the elemental composition of the hippocampus was studied in adult Wistar rats, at 1 day and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection, using a nuclear microscope. An increase in calcium concentration was observed on the injected side from 1 day postinjection. The increase peaked at 3 weeks postinjection, reaching a concentration of 18 times normal. Large numbers of glial cells but no neurons were observed in the lesioned CA fields at this time, suggesting that an increased calcium level was present in glial cells. This was confirmed by high‐resolution elemental maps of the lesioned areas, which showed very high intracellular calcium concentrations in almost all glial cells. It is possible that the high intracellular calcium level could activate calcium‐dependent enzymes, including calpain II and cytosolic phospholipase A2, shown to be expressed in reactive glial cells after kainate injections. In addition to calcium, an increase in iron content was also observed at the periphery of the glial scar at 4 weeks postinjection. Because free iron could catalyze the formation of free radicals, the late increase in iron content may be related to oxygen radical formation during neurodegeneration.</description><subject>Alzheimer’s disease</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Astrocytes</subject><subject>Astrocytes - chemistry</subject><subject>Astrocytes - cytology</subject><subject>Astrocytes - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium - analysis</subject><subject>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</subject><subject>Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists</subject><subject>Excitotoxicity</subject><subject>Hippocampus - chemistry</subject><subject>Hippocampus - drug effects</subject><subject>Hippocampus - pathology</subject><subject>Injections, Intraventricular</subject><subject>Kainic Acid</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages - chemistry</subject><subject>Macrophages - cytology</subject><subject>Macrophages - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission</subject><subject>Nerve Degeneration - chemically induced</subject><subject>Nerve Degeneration - pathology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neurotoxins</subject><subject>Nissl Bodies - pathology</subject><subject>Nuclear microscope</subject><subject>Pyramidal Cells - chemistry</subject><subject>Pyramidal Cells - pathology</subject><subject>Pyramidal Cells - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</subject><issn>0022-3042</issn><issn>1471-4159</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEuO1DAQhi0EYpqBKyAjIXYJfuXhZas1wzQMjcRjbTl2hXErcYIdi-kdR-CMnIREaQFLVpZd3--q-hB6QUlOiShfH3MqKpoJWsicSinzitGiEvn9A7T5U3mINoQwlnEi2AV6EuOREFqKkj5GF5QQWdcl36Bhiw_JdKADfu9MGKIZRmfwpynZEx5afNVBD37SHd7daf8VInYeT3eAP-oJ37hxHIzuxxTxtp0g4HfaeT3Brx8_994mAxYfIIXBz_m9P6ZweooetbqL8Ox8XqIv11efdzfZ7Yc3-932NjOiZiKzmla2aTmvKwHUlLVoSwuEW1lzCwU3ZVvIxpha2rlesJo3fH5q2oZJLrTml-jV-u8Yhm8J4qR6Fw10nfYwpKhoxWRBqnoG5Qouy8cArRqD63U4KUrUYlsd1eJULU7VYlutttX9nH1-bpKaHuw_yVXvDLw8Azoa3bVBe-PiX66SlFE2Y9sV--46OP3_AOrtYUfWC_8Ndhqddw</recordid><startdate>199904</startdate><enddate>199904</enddate><creator>Ong, Wei‐Yi</creator><creator>Ren, Min‐Qin</creator><creator>Makjanić, Jagoda</creator><creator>Lim, Tit‐Meng</creator><creator>Watt, Frank</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199904</creationdate><title>A Nuclear Microscopic Study of Elemental Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Kainate‐Induced Neuronal Injury</title><author>Ong, Wei‐Yi ; Ren, Min‐Qin ; Makjanić, Jagoda ; Lim, Tit‐Meng ; Watt, Frank</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4824-da17dbf33874e1c684f6de03d983de53c6f59bcc89d4e15283b36f5bfb2934aa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Alzheimer’s disease</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Astrocytes</topic><topic>Astrocytes - chemistry</topic><topic>Astrocytes - cytology</topic><topic>Astrocytes - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium - analysis</topic><topic>Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases</topic><topic>Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists</topic><topic>Excitotoxicity</topic><topic>Hippocampus - chemistry</topic><topic>Hippocampus - drug effects</topic><topic>Hippocampus - pathology</topic><topic>Injections, Intraventricular</topic><topic>Kainic Acid</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages - chemistry</topic><topic>Macrophages - cytology</topic><topic>Macrophages - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission</topic><topic>Nerve Degeneration - chemically induced</topic><topic>Nerve Degeneration - pathology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Neurotoxins</topic><topic>Nissl Bodies - pathology</topic><topic>Nuclear microscope</topic><topic>Pyramidal Cells - chemistry</topic><topic>Pyramidal Cells - pathology</topic><topic>Pyramidal Cells - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ong, Wei‐Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Min‐Qin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makjanić, Jagoda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Tit‐Meng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watt, Frank</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of neurochemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ong, Wei‐Yi</au><au>Ren, Min‐Qin</au><au>Makjanić, Jagoda</au><au>Lim, Tit‐Meng</au><au>Watt, Frank</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Nuclear Microscopic Study of Elemental Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Kainate‐Induced Neuronal Injury</atitle><jtitle>Journal of neurochemistry</jtitle><addtitle>J Neurochem</addtitle><date>1999-04</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1574</spage><epage>1579</epage><pages>1574-1579</pages><issn>0022-3042</issn><eissn>1471-4159</eissn><coden>JONRA9</coden><abstract>: The effect of intracerebroventricular kainate injection on the elemental composition of the hippocampus was studied in adult Wistar rats, at 1 day and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinjection, using a nuclear microscope. An increase in calcium concentration was observed on the injected side from 1 day postinjection. The increase peaked at 3 weeks postinjection, reaching a concentration of 18 times normal. Large numbers of glial cells but no neurons were observed in the lesioned CA fields at this time, suggesting that an increased calcium level was present in glial cells. This was confirmed by high‐resolution elemental maps of the lesioned areas, which showed very high intracellular calcium concentrations in almost all glial cells. It is possible that the high intracellular calcium level could activate calcium‐dependent enzymes, including calpain II and cytosolic phospholipase A2, shown to be expressed in reactive glial cells after kainate injections. In addition to calcium, an increase in iron content was also observed at the periphery of the glial scar at 4 weeks postinjection. Because free iron could catalyze the formation of free radicals, the late increase in iron content may be related to oxygen radical formation during neurodegeneration.</abstract><cop>Oxford UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>10098863</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721574.x</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alzheimer’s disease Animals Astrocytes Astrocytes - chemistry Astrocytes - cytology Astrocytes - ultrastructure Biological and medical sciences Calcium Calcium - analysis Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists Excitotoxicity Hippocampus - chemistry Hippocampus - drug effects Hippocampus - pathology Injections, Intraventricular Kainic Acid Macrophages Macrophages - chemistry Macrophages - cytology Macrophages - ultrastructure Male Medical sciences Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission Nerve Degeneration - chemically induced Nerve Degeneration - pathology Neurology Neurotoxins Nissl Bodies - pathology Nuclear microscope Pyramidal Cells - chemistry Pyramidal Cells - pathology Pyramidal Cells - ultrastructure Rats Rats, Wistar Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission |
| title | A Nuclear Microscopic Study of Elemental Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Kainate‐Induced Neuronal Injury |
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