The Democratic Transition: Short-run and Long-run Causality between Income and the Gastil Index

This article considers the transformation of the political system as countries pass through the Grand Transition from being a poor developing country to a wealthy developed country. In the process, most countries change from an authoritarian to a democratic political system, as measured by the Gasti...

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Veröffentlicht in:European journal of development research 2012-02, Vol.24 (1), p.144-168
Hauptverfasser: Paldam, Martin, Gundlach, Erich
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description This article considers the transformation of the political system as countries pass through the Grand Transition from being a poor developing country to a wealthy developed country. In the process, most countries change from an authoritarian to a democratic political system, as measured by the Gastil index from Freedom House. The basic pattern of correlations reveals that a good deal of the short-to-medium-run causality appears to be from democracy to income. However, the long-run causality is from income to democracy, as shown by instrumenting income with a set of extreme measures of biogeography. The long-run result survives various robustness tests. The article explains how the Grand Transition view resolves the seeming contradiction between the long-run and the short-to-medium-run effects. Cet article examine la transformation du système politique des pays en cours de Grande Transition de l′état de pays pauvre en voie de développement à l’état de pays riche et développé. Lors de cette transition, la plupart des pays passent d′un régime autoritaire à un système politique démocratique, comme le montre l′indice Gastil de Freedom House. Le modèle de corrélation de base révèle que la causalité de court et moyen termes va en grande partie de la démocratie vers le revenu. Mais, ainsi qu′on le voit en instrumentant le revenu par un ensemble de mesures extrêmes de biogéographie, la causalité de long terme paraît aller du revenu vers la démocratie. Le résultat de long terme résiste aux divers tests de robustesse. Nous expliquons en quoi la notion de ‘Grande Transition’ permet de résoudre l′apparente contradiction entre les effets de long terme et les effets de court et moyen termes.
doi_str_mv 10.1057/ejdr.2010.66
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subjects Analysis
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism (Political Ideology)
Causality
Civil liberties
Contradictions
Democracy
Democratization
Developing Countries
Development and Social Change
Development Economics
Development Policy
Development Studies
Dictators
Economic development
Freedom
Income
Indexes
Industrial Societies
LDCs
Liberty
Long-term analysis
National income
Original Article
Political reform
Political Systems
Prosperity
Short-term analysis
Social Sciences
Studies
Systems stability
Transitions
title The Democratic Transition: Short-run and Long-run Causality between Income and the Gastil Index
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