The impact of two different inspiratory to expiratory ratios (1:1 and 1:2) on respiratory mechanics and oxygenation during volume-controlled ventilation in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Background Volume-controlled ventilation with a prolonged inspiratory to expiratory ratio (I:E ratio) has been used to optimize gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in various surgical settings. We hypothesized that, when compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a prolonged I:E ratio of 1:1 would improv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian journal of anesthesia 2015-09, Vol.62 (9), p.979-987 |
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| creator | Kim, Min-Soo Kim, Na Young Lee, Ki-Young Choi, Young Deuk Hong, Jung Hwa Bai, Sun-Joon |
| description | Background
Volume-controlled ventilation with a prolonged inspiratory to expiratory ratio (I:E ratio) has been used to optimize gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in various surgical settings. We hypothesized that, when compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a prolonged I:E ratio of 1:1 would improve respiratory mechanics without reducing cardiac output (CO) during pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning, both of which can impair respiratory function in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, we evaluated its effect on oxygenation during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Methods
Eighty patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were randomly allocated to receive an I:E ratio of either 1:1 (group 1:1) or 1:2 (group 1:2). The primary endpoint, peak airway pressure (Ppeak), as well as hemodynamic data, including cardiac output (CO) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO
2
), were compared between groups at four time points: ten minutes after anesthesia induction (T1), 30 and 60 min after pneumoperitoneum with steep Trendelenburg positioning (T2 and T3), and ten minutes after supine positioning (T4). Overall comparisons were made between groups using linear mixed model analysis with
post hoc
testing of individual time points adjusted using a Bonferroni correction.
Results
Linear mixed model analysis showed a significant overall difference in Ppeak between the two groups (
P
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12630-015-0383-2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1728055093</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1728055093</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-1b072a48c894e887bdd6537f0c9ed139ba918fd8b16401c908db35b8aae0eabe3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1ks1u1TAQhSMEopfCA7BBltiURWBsx4lzd6jiT6rEpkjsIseetK4SO9hO6eWZeQgcUkqFxMqy5ztnxppTFM8pvKYAzZtIWc2hBCpK4JKX7EGxo1Vbl7JtxMNiB5Kzsqbw9ah4EuMVAMhayMfFEROyboGJXfHz_BKJnWalE_EDSd89MXYYMKBLxLo426CSDweSPMGbu1s-rI_khO4pUc4QumeviHck4F_FhPpSOavjb8LfHC7QrTJHzBKsuyDXflwmLLV3KfhxREOuc1c7bpDNbr73qVQx2phydVSzCj5qP1udJzBWq5HM-SWphDr56bAnKhec8ZP9kQX3nFOwanxaPBrUGPHZ7XlcfHn_7vz0Y3n2-cOn07dnpa6oSCXtoWGqklq2FUrZ9MbUgjcD6BYN5W2vWioHI3taV0B1C9L0XPRSKQRUPfLj4mTzzcN9WzCmbrJR4zgqh36JHW2YBCGg5Rl9-Q965Zfg8nSZgorzGmqWKbpROv82Bhy6OdhJhUNHoVuj0G1R6HIUujUK3ap5ceu89BOaO8Wf3WeAbUCc13VguNf6v66_ABl3xaI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1704336062</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The impact of two different inspiratory to expiratory ratios (1:1 and 1:2) on respiratory mechanics and oxygenation during volume-controlled ventilation in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Kim, Min-Soo ; Kim, Na Young ; Lee, Ki-Young ; Choi, Young Deuk ; Hong, Jung Hwa ; Bai, Sun-Joon</creator><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Soo ; Kim, Na Young ; Lee, Ki-Young ; Choi, Young Deuk ; Hong, Jung Hwa ; Bai, Sun-Joon</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Volume-controlled ventilation with a prolonged inspiratory to expiratory ratio (I:E ratio) has been used to optimize gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in various surgical settings. We hypothesized that, when compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a prolonged I:E ratio of 1:1 would improve respiratory mechanics without reducing cardiac output (CO) during pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning, both of which can impair respiratory function in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, we evaluated its effect on oxygenation during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Methods
Eighty patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were randomly allocated to receive an I:E ratio of either 1:1 (group 1:1) or 1:2 (group 1:2). The primary endpoint, peak airway pressure (Ppeak), as well as hemodynamic data, including cardiac output (CO) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO
2
), were compared between groups at four time points: ten minutes after anesthesia induction (T1), 30 and 60 min after pneumoperitoneum with steep Trendelenburg positioning (T2 and T3), and ten minutes after supine positioning (T4). Overall comparisons were made between groups using linear mixed model analysis with
post hoc
testing of individual time points adjusted using a Bonferroni correction.
Results
Linear mixed model analysis showed a significant overall difference in Ppeak between the two groups (
P
< 0.001).
Post hoc
analysis showed a significantly lower mean (SD) Ppeak in group 1:1 than in group 1:2 at T2 [28.4 (4.0) cm H
2
O
vs
32.8 (5.2) cm H
2
O, respectively; mean difference, 4.3 cm H
2
O; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3 to 6.4;
P
< 0.001] and T3 [27.8 (3.9) cm H
2
O
vs
32.6 (5.0) cm H
2
O, respectively; mean difference, 4.7 cm H
2
O; 95% CI, 2.7 to 6.7;
P
< 0.001]. The CO assessed over these time points was comparable in both groups (
P
= 0.784). In addition, there were no significant differences in PaO
2
between the two groups (
P
= 0.521).
Conclusions
Compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a ratio of 1:1 lowered Ppeak without reducing CO during pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning. Nevertheless, our results did not support its use solely for improving oxygenation. This trial was registered at
http://clinicaltrials.gov/
(NCT01892449).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0832-610X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1496-8975</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12630-015-0383-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25869025</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesiology ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cardiology ; Clinical trials ; Critical Care Medicine ; Double-Blind Method ; Head-Down Tilt ; Humans ; Intensive ; Laparoscopy ; Laparoscopy - methods ; Male ; Mechanics ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen - blood ; Pain Medicine ; Pediatrics ; Pneumology/Respiratory System ; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial - methods ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatectomy - methods ; Ratios ; Reports of Original Investigations ; Respiration, Artificial - methods ; Respiratory Mechanics - physiology ; Robotics - methods ; Robots ; Time Factors ; University colleges</subject><ispartof>Canadian journal of anesthesia, 2015-09, Vol.62 (9), p.979-987</ispartof><rights>Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-1b072a48c894e887bdd6537f0c9ed139ba918fd8b16401c908db35b8aae0eabe3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-1b072a48c894e887bdd6537f0c9ed139ba918fd8b16401c908db35b8aae0eabe3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12630-015-0383-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12630-015-0383-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25869025$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Na Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ki-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Young Deuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Jung Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Sun-Joon</creatorcontrib><title>The impact of two different inspiratory to expiratory ratios (1:1 and 1:2) on respiratory mechanics and oxygenation during volume-controlled ventilation in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial</title><title>Canadian journal of anesthesia</title><addtitle>Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth</addtitle><addtitle>Can J Anaesth</addtitle><description>Background
Volume-controlled ventilation with a prolonged inspiratory to expiratory ratio (I:E ratio) has been used to optimize gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in various surgical settings. We hypothesized that, when compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a prolonged I:E ratio of 1:1 would improve respiratory mechanics without reducing cardiac output (CO) during pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning, both of which can impair respiratory function in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, we evaluated its effect on oxygenation during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Methods
Eighty patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were randomly allocated to receive an I:E ratio of either 1:1 (group 1:1) or 1:2 (group 1:2). The primary endpoint, peak airway pressure (Ppeak), as well as hemodynamic data, including cardiac output (CO) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO
2
), were compared between groups at four time points: ten minutes after anesthesia induction (T1), 30 and 60 min after pneumoperitoneum with steep Trendelenburg positioning (T2 and T3), and ten minutes after supine positioning (T4). Overall comparisons were made between groups using linear mixed model analysis with
post hoc
testing of individual time points adjusted using a Bonferroni correction.
Results
Linear mixed model analysis showed a significant overall difference in Ppeak between the two groups (
P
< 0.001).
Post hoc
analysis showed a significantly lower mean (SD) Ppeak in group 1:1 than in group 1:2 at T2 [28.4 (4.0) cm H
2
O
vs
32.8 (5.2) cm H
2
O, respectively; mean difference, 4.3 cm H
2
O; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3 to 6.4;
P
< 0.001] and T3 [27.8 (3.9) cm H
2
O
vs
32.6 (5.0) cm H
2
O, respectively; mean difference, 4.7 cm H
2
O; 95% CI, 2.7 to 6.7;
P
< 0.001]. The CO assessed over these time points was comparable in both groups (
P
= 0.784). In addition, there were no significant differences in PaO
2
between the two groups (
P
= 0.521).
Conclusions
Compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a ratio of 1:1 lowered Ppeak without reducing CO during pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning. Nevertheless, our results did not support its use solely for improving oxygenation. This trial was registered at
http://clinicaltrials.gov/
(NCT01892449).</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anesthesia</subject><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Blood Gas Analysis</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Critical Care Medicine</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Head-Down Tilt</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intensive</subject><subject>Laparoscopy</subject><subject>Laparoscopy - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mechanics</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Oxygen - blood</subject><subject>Pain Medicine</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pneumology/Respiratory System</subject><subject>Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial - methods</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Prostatectomy - methods</subject><subject>Ratios</subject><subject>Reports of Original Investigations</subject><subject>Respiration, Artificial - methods</subject><subject>Respiratory Mechanics - physiology</subject><subject>Robotics - methods</subject><subject>Robots</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>University colleges</subject><issn>0832-610X</issn><issn>1496-8975</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1ks1u1TAQhSMEopfCA7BBltiURWBsx4lzd6jiT6rEpkjsIseetK4SO9hO6eWZeQgcUkqFxMqy5ztnxppTFM8pvKYAzZtIWc2hBCpK4JKX7EGxo1Vbl7JtxMNiB5Kzsqbw9ah4EuMVAMhayMfFEROyboGJXfHz_BKJnWalE_EDSd89MXYYMKBLxLo426CSDweSPMGbu1s-rI_khO4pUc4QumeviHck4F_FhPpSOavjb8LfHC7QrTJHzBKsuyDXflwmLLV3KfhxREOuc1c7bpDNbr73qVQx2phydVSzCj5qP1udJzBWq5HM-SWphDr56bAnKhec8ZP9kQX3nFOwanxaPBrUGPHZ7XlcfHn_7vz0Y3n2-cOn07dnpa6oSCXtoWGqklq2FUrZ9MbUgjcD6BYN5W2vWioHI3taV0B1C9L0XPRSKQRUPfLj4mTzzcN9WzCmbrJR4zgqh36JHW2YBCGg5Rl9-Q965Zfg8nSZgorzGmqWKbpROv82Bhy6OdhJhUNHoVuj0G1R6HIUujUK3ap5ceu89BOaO8Wf3WeAbUCc13VguNf6v66_ABl3xaI</recordid><startdate>20150901</startdate><enddate>20150901</enddate><creator>Kim, Min-Soo</creator><creator>Kim, Na Young</creator><creator>Lee, Ki-Young</creator><creator>Choi, Young Deuk</creator><creator>Hong, Jung Hwa</creator><creator>Bai, Sun-Joon</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150901</creationdate><title>The impact of two different inspiratory to expiratory ratios (1:1 and 1:2) on respiratory mechanics and oxygenation during volume-controlled ventilation in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial</title><author>Kim, Min-Soo ; Kim, Na Young ; Lee, Ki-Young ; Choi, Young Deuk ; Hong, Jung Hwa ; Bai, Sun-Joon</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-1b072a48c894e887bdd6537f0c9ed139ba918fd8b16401c908db35b8aae0eabe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anesthesia</topic><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Blood Gas Analysis</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Critical Care Medicine</topic><topic>Double-Blind Method</topic><topic>Head-Down Tilt</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intensive</topic><topic>Laparoscopy</topic><topic>Laparoscopy - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mechanics</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Oxygen - blood</topic><topic>Pain Medicine</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pneumology/Respiratory System</topic><topic>Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial - methods</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Prostatectomy - methods</topic><topic>Ratios</topic><topic>Reports of Original Investigations</topic><topic>Respiration, Artificial - methods</topic><topic>Respiratory Mechanics - physiology</topic><topic>Robotics - methods</topic><topic>Robots</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>University colleges</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Soo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Na Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ki-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Young Deuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Jung Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Sun-Joon</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Canadian journal of anesthesia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Min-Soo</au><au>Kim, Na Young</au><au>Lee, Ki-Young</au><au>Choi, Young Deuk</au><au>Hong, Jung Hwa</au><au>Bai, Sun-Joon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The impact of two different inspiratory to expiratory ratios (1:1 and 1:2) on respiratory mechanics and oxygenation during volume-controlled ventilation in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial</atitle><jtitle>Canadian journal of anesthesia</jtitle><stitle>Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth</stitle><addtitle>Can J Anaesth</addtitle><date>2015-09-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>62</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>979</spage><epage>987</epage><pages>979-987</pages><issn>0832-610X</issn><eissn>1496-8975</eissn><abstract>Background
Volume-controlled ventilation with a prolonged inspiratory to expiratory ratio (I:E ratio) has been used to optimize gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in various surgical settings. We hypothesized that, when compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a prolonged I:E ratio of 1:1 would improve respiratory mechanics without reducing cardiac output (CO) during pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning, both of which can impair respiratory function in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Furthermore, we evaluated its effect on oxygenation during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
Methods
Eighty patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were randomly allocated to receive an I:E ratio of either 1:1 (group 1:1) or 1:2 (group 1:2). The primary endpoint, peak airway pressure (Ppeak), as well as hemodynamic data, including cardiac output (CO) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO
2
), were compared between groups at four time points: ten minutes after anesthesia induction (T1), 30 and 60 min after pneumoperitoneum with steep Trendelenburg positioning (T2 and T3), and ten minutes after supine positioning (T4). Overall comparisons were made between groups using linear mixed model analysis with
post hoc
testing of individual time points adjusted using a Bonferroni correction.
Results
Linear mixed model analysis showed a significant overall difference in Ppeak between the two groups (
P
< 0.001).
Post hoc
analysis showed a significantly lower mean (SD) Ppeak in group 1:1 than in group 1:2 at T2 [28.4 (4.0) cm H
2
O
vs
32.8 (5.2) cm H
2
O, respectively; mean difference, 4.3 cm H
2
O; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3 to 6.4;
P
< 0.001] and T3 [27.8 (3.9) cm H
2
O
vs
32.6 (5.0) cm H
2
O, respectively; mean difference, 4.7 cm H
2
O; 95% CI, 2.7 to 6.7;
P
< 0.001]. The CO assessed over these time points was comparable in both groups (
P
= 0.784). In addition, there were no significant differences in PaO
2
between the two groups (
P
= 0.521).
Conclusions
Compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, a ratio of 1:1 lowered Ppeak without reducing CO during pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning. Nevertheless, our results did not support its use solely for improving oxygenation. This trial was registered at
http://clinicaltrials.gov/
(NCT01892449).</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>25869025</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12630-015-0383-2</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Canadian journal of anesthesia, 2015-09, Vol.62 (9), p.979-987 |
| issn | 0832-610X 1496-8975 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1728055093 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Aged Anesthesia Anesthesiology Blood Gas Analysis Cardiology Clinical trials Critical Care Medicine Double-Blind Method Head-Down Tilt Humans Intensive Laparoscopy Laparoscopy - methods Male Mechanics Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Oxygen - blood Pain Medicine Pediatrics Pneumology/Respiratory System Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial - methods Prospective Studies Prostatectomy - methods Ratios Reports of Original Investigations Respiration, Artificial - methods Respiratory Mechanics - physiology Robotics - methods Robots Time Factors University colleges |
| title | The impact of two different inspiratory to expiratory ratios (1:1 and 1:2) on respiratory mechanics and oxygenation during volume-controlled ventilation in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial |
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