In vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-leishmanial and immunomodulatory activity of Neem leaf extract in Leishmania donovani infection

•Anti-leishmanial activity of Neem leaf ethyl acetate fraction on promastigotes.•Anti-proliferation activity and apoptosis like death in promastigotes.•Anti-leishmanial activity on intracellular amastigotes both in vitro and in vivo.•Th1 polarization and Th2 downregulation at m-RNA level by real-tim...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Experimental parasitology 2015-06, Vol.153, p.45-54
Hauptverfasser:	Dayakar, Alti, Chandrasekaran, Sambamurthy, Veronica, Jalaja, Sundar, Shyam, Maurya, Radheshyam
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Animals Anthelmintics - administration & dosage Anthelmintics - chemistry Anti-leishmanial activity Azadirachta - chemistry Azadirachta indica Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Female Humans Immunologic Factors - administration & dosage Immunologic Factors - chemistry Leishmania donovani Leishmania donovani - drug effects Leishmania donovani - physiology Leishmaniasis, Visceral - drug therapy Leishmaniasis, Visceral - parasitology Leishman–Donovan units Macrophages - drug effects Macrophages - immunology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Nitric oxide Plant Extracts - administration & dosage Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Leaves - chemistry Reactive oxygen species Tandem Mass Spectrometry Th1/Th2 cytokines
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