The PD-L1/CD86 ratio is increased in dendritic cells co-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and the PD-L1/PD-1 axis is associated with anergy, apoptosis, and the induction of regulatory T-cells in porcine lymphocytes

•PD-L1 expression is increased in dendritic cells following PCV2/ PRRSV co-infection.•CD86 expression is decreased in dendritic cells following PCV2/PRRSV co-infection.•IL-10 expression is increased in dendritic cells following PCV2 /PRRSV co-infection.•The PD-L1/PD-1 axis causes apoptosis, anergy,...

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