Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand
In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and of handmade cigarettes has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer of the lung and of the upper aerodigestive tract have also increased in Thailand as they have in many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that the increase of primar...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Carcinogenesis (New York) 1999-01, Vol.20 (1), p.133-137 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 137 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 133 |
| container_title | Carcinogenesis (New York) |
| container_volume | 20 |
| creator | Mitacek, Eugene J. Brunnemann, Klaus D. Hoffmann, Dietrich Limsila, Thira Suttajit, Maitree Martin, Nimit Caplan, Lee S. |
| description | In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and of handmade cigarettes has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer of the lung and of the upper aerodigestive tract have also increased in Thailand as they have in many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that the increase of primary cancer of the liver, especially of cholangiocarcinoma in the north-eastern provinces of Thailand is associated with the use of tobacco in men infested with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Bioassays have shown that volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines induce cholangiocarcinoma in laboratory animals and that the hepatocarcinogenic action of nitrosodimethylamine in hamsters is significantly increased by infestation with the liver fluke OV. The endogenous formation of nitrosamines is significantly increased by OV infestation. This report presents analytical data on the concentration of volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of nine leading brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes which represent ~85% of the market share in Thailand. Observed ranges (ng/cigarette) were 8.5–31.9 for nitrosodimethylamine, 8.8–49.6 for nitrosopyrrolidine and 4.2–18.9 for nitrosodi-n-butylamine. These values are exceptionally high compared with the smoke of light and blended cigarettes from North America and Western Europe. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, the range was 28–730 for nitrosonornicotine and 16–370 for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. There was a correla-tion between volatile and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and tar and nicotine deliveries in the mainstream smoke. The analytical data are in line with the rate for lung cancer and support our working hypothesis that nitrosamines, and especially the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, are associated with the increased risk for primary liver cancer among those Thai people who smoke cigarettes and also carry OV infestation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/carcin/20.1.133 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17225507</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>38609157</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-bd23c5b8e08ce86c46a65cf808fbe956efd4f0ff5d0caf60705da9764263352e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNplkU9v1DAQxS1EVZbCmROShRC3dP0ndhJuaFW6lVrBoSDUi-U449bdJN7aTgWfiq9YbzcqAg6WNZrfvDeah9AbSo4pafjS6GDcuGS5PKacP0MLWkpSMFqT52hBaMkLznn5Ar2M8ZYQKrloDtFh0_CylmSBfn_3vU6uBzy6FHzUgxshYj12OPlWG-OLuAXjrDN_E27E6QZwHPwGsLf48kY7bNy1DpASxI9Y4-DiBlttkg_Y5tdP4zU2ejQQHg00jtNOPEH3P-vuMzXD2Wsn3-ehV-jA6j7C6_k_Qt8-n1yu1sX5l9Oz1afzwpQNT0XbMW5EWwOpDdTSlFJLYWxNattCIyTYrrTEWtERo60kFRGdbipZMsm5YMCP0Ie97jb4uwliUoOLBvq8A_gpKloxJgSpMvjuH_DWT2HMuylG85UlYTRDyz1k8gFjAKu2wQ06_FKUqF2Oap-jYrlUOcc88XaWndoBuid-Di733899HY3ubciXcvGPbEUofzQu9piLCX4-tXXYKFnxSqj1jyt1erG-Wq2_ltn4AcQ6uTI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>219346021</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Mitacek, Eugene J. ; Brunnemann, Klaus D. ; Hoffmann, Dietrich ; Limsila, Thira ; Suttajit, Maitree ; Martin, Nimit ; Caplan, Lee S.</creator><creatorcontrib>Mitacek, Eugene J. ; Brunnemann, Klaus D. ; Hoffmann, Dietrich ; Limsila, Thira ; Suttajit, Maitree ; Martin, Nimit ; Caplan, Lee S.</creatorcontrib><description>In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and of handmade cigarettes has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer of the lung and of the upper aerodigestive tract have also increased in Thailand as they have in many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that the increase of primary cancer of the liver, especially of cholangiocarcinoma in the north-eastern provinces of Thailand is associated with the use of tobacco in men infested with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Bioassays have shown that volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines induce cholangiocarcinoma in laboratory animals and that the hepatocarcinogenic action of nitrosodimethylamine in hamsters is significantly increased by infestation with the liver fluke OV. The endogenous formation of nitrosamines is significantly increased by OV infestation. This report presents analytical data on the concentration of volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of nine leading brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes which represent ~85% of the market share in Thailand. Observed ranges (ng/cigarette) were 8.5–31.9 for nitrosodimethylamine, 8.8–49.6 for nitrosopyrrolidine and 4.2–18.9 for nitrosodi-n-butylamine. These values are exceptionally high compared with the smoke of light and blended cigarettes from North America and Western Europe. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, the range was 28–730 for nitrosonornicotine and 16–370 for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. There was a correla-tion between volatile and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and tar and nicotine deliveries in the mainstream smoke. The analytical data are in line with the rate for lung cancer and support our working hypothesis that nitrosamines, and especially the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, are associated with the increased risk for primary liver cancer among those Thai people who smoke cigarettes and also carry OV infestation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0143-3334</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2180</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.1.133</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9934860</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CRNGDP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone ; Bile Duct Neoplasms - chemically induced ; Bile Duct Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens ; CCA ; cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiocarcinoma - chemically induced ; Cholangiocarcinoma - epidemiology ; Cocarcinogenesis ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Foods and miscellaneous ; HCC ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms - chemically induced ; Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; NAB ; NAT ; NDBA ; NDMA ; Nicotiana - chemistry ; Nitrosamines - adverse effects ; Nitrosamines - analysis ; nitrosoanabasine ; nitrosoanatabine ; nitrosodi-n-butylamine ; nitrosodimethylamine ; nitrosonornicotine ; nitrosopyrrolidine ; NNK ; NNN ; NPYR ; Opisthorchiasis - epidemiology ; Opisthorchis viverrini ; PAH ; Plants, Toxic ; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Risk Factors ; Smoke - adverse effects ; Smoke - analysis ; Smoking - adverse effects ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Tars - chemistry ; Thailand - epidemiology ; tobacco-specific nitrosamines ; TSNA ; Tumors ; VNA ; volatile nitrosamines ; Volatilization</subject><ispartof>Carcinogenesis (New York), 1999-01, Vol.20 (1), p.133-137</ispartof><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press(England) Jan 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-bd23c5b8e08ce86c46a65cf808fbe956efd4f0ff5d0caf60705da9764263352e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-bd23c5b8e08ce86c46a65cf808fbe956efd4f0ff5d0caf60705da9764263352e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,4012,27906,27907,27908</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1701321$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9934860$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mitacek, Eugene J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brunnemann, Klaus D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffmann, Dietrich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Limsila, Thira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suttajit, Maitree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Nimit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caplan, Lee S.</creatorcontrib><title>Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand</title><title>Carcinogenesis (New York)</title><addtitle>Carcinogenesis</addtitle><description>In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and of handmade cigarettes has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer of the lung and of the upper aerodigestive tract have also increased in Thailand as they have in many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that the increase of primary cancer of the liver, especially of cholangiocarcinoma in the north-eastern provinces of Thailand is associated with the use of tobacco in men infested with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Bioassays have shown that volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines induce cholangiocarcinoma in laboratory animals and that the hepatocarcinogenic action of nitrosodimethylamine in hamsters is significantly increased by infestation with the liver fluke OV. The endogenous formation of nitrosamines is significantly increased by OV infestation. This report presents analytical data on the concentration of volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of nine leading brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes which represent ~85% of the market share in Thailand. Observed ranges (ng/cigarette) were 8.5–31.9 for nitrosodimethylamine, 8.8–49.6 for nitrosopyrrolidine and 4.2–18.9 for nitrosodi-n-butylamine. These values are exceptionally high compared with the smoke of light and blended cigarettes from North America and Western Europe. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, the range was 28–730 for nitrosonornicotine and 16–370 for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. There was a correla-tion between volatile and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and tar and nicotine deliveries in the mainstream smoke. The analytical data are in line with the rate for lung cancer and support our working hypothesis that nitrosamines, and especially the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, are associated with the increased risk for primary liver cancer among those Thai people who smoke cigarettes and also carry OV infestation.</description><subject>4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone</subject><subject>Bile Duct Neoplasms - chemically induced</subject><subject>Bile Duct Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens</subject><subject>CCA</subject><subject>cholangiocarcinoma</subject><subject>Cholangiocarcinoma - chemically induced</subject><subject>Cholangiocarcinoma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cocarcinogenesis</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Foods and miscellaneous</subject><subject>HCC</subject><subject>hepatocellular carcinoma</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - chemically induced</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>NAB</subject><subject>NAT</subject><subject>NDBA</subject><subject>NDMA</subject><subject>Nicotiana - chemistry</subject><subject>Nitrosamines - adverse effects</subject><subject>Nitrosamines - analysis</subject><subject>nitrosoanabasine</subject><subject>nitrosoanatabine</subject><subject>nitrosodi-n-butylamine</subject><subject>nitrosodimethylamine</subject><subject>nitrosonornicotine</subject><subject>nitrosopyrrolidine</subject><subject>NNK</subject><subject>NNN</subject><subject>NPYR</subject><subject>Opisthorchiasis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Opisthorchis viverrini</subject><subject>PAH</subject><subject>Plants, Toxic</subject><subject>polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Smoke - adverse effects</subject><subject>Smoke - analysis</subject><subject>Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tars - chemistry</subject><subject>Thailand - epidemiology</subject><subject>tobacco-specific nitrosamines</subject><subject>TSNA</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>VNA</subject><subject>volatile nitrosamines</subject><subject>Volatilization</subject><issn>0143-3334</issn><issn>1460-2180</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNplkU9v1DAQxS1EVZbCmROShRC3dP0ndhJuaFW6lVrBoSDUi-U449bdJN7aTgWfiq9YbzcqAg6WNZrfvDeah9AbSo4pafjS6GDcuGS5PKacP0MLWkpSMFqT52hBaMkLznn5Ar2M8ZYQKrloDtFh0_CylmSBfn_3vU6uBzy6FHzUgxshYj12OPlWG-OLuAXjrDN_E27E6QZwHPwGsLf48kY7bNy1DpASxI9Y4-DiBlttkg_Y5tdP4zU2ejQQHg00jtNOPEH3P-vuMzXD2Wsn3-ehV-jA6j7C6_k_Qt8-n1yu1sX5l9Oz1afzwpQNT0XbMW5EWwOpDdTSlFJLYWxNattCIyTYrrTEWtERo60kFRGdbipZMsm5YMCP0Ie97jb4uwliUoOLBvq8A_gpKloxJgSpMvjuH_DWT2HMuylG85UlYTRDyz1k8gFjAKu2wQ06_FKUqF2Oap-jYrlUOcc88XaWndoBuid-Di733899HY3ubciXcvGPbEUofzQu9piLCX4-tXXYKFnxSqj1jyt1erG-Wq2_ltn4AcQ6uTI</recordid><startdate>199901</startdate><enddate>199901</enddate><creator>Mitacek, Eugene J.</creator><creator>Brunnemann, Klaus D.</creator><creator>Hoffmann, Dietrich</creator><creator>Limsila, Thira</creator><creator>Suttajit, Maitree</creator><creator>Martin, Nimit</creator><creator>Caplan, Lee S.</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199901</creationdate><title>Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand</title><author>Mitacek, Eugene J. ; Brunnemann, Klaus D. ; Hoffmann, Dietrich ; Limsila, Thira ; Suttajit, Maitree ; Martin, Nimit ; Caplan, Lee S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c493t-bd23c5b8e08ce86c46a65cf808fbe956efd4f0ff5d0caf60705da9764263352e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone</topic><topic>Bile Duct Neoplasms - chemically induced</topic><topic>Bile Duct Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens</topic><topic>CCA</topic><topic>cholangiocarcinoma</topic><topic>Cholangiocarcinoma - chemically induced</topic><topic>Cholangiocarcinoma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cocarcinogenesis</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Foods and miscellaneous</topic><topic>HCC</topic><topic>hepatocellular carcinoma</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - chemically induced</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>NAB</topic><topic>NAT</topic><topic>NDBA</topic><topic>NDMA</topic><topic>Nicotiana - chemistry</topic><topic>Nitrosamines - adverse effects</topic><topic>Nitrosamines - analysis</topic><topic>nitrosoanabasine</topic><topic>nitrosoanatabine</topic><topic>nitrosodi-n-butylamine</topic><topic>nitrosodimethylamine</topic><topic>nitrosonornicotine</topic><topic>nitrosopyrrolidine</topic><topic>NNK</topic><topic>NNN</topic><topic>NPYR</topic><topic>Opisthorchiasis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Opisthorchis viverrini</topic><topic>PAH</topic><topic>Plants, Toxic</topic><topic>polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Smoke - adverse effects</topic><topic>Smoke - analysis</topic><topic>Smoking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tars - chemistry</topic><topic>Thailand - epidemiology</topic><topic>tobacco-specific nitrosamines</topic><topic>TSNA</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>VNA</topic><topic>volatile nitrosamines</topic><topic>Volatilization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mitacek, Eugene J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brunnemann, Klaus D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoffmann, Dietrich</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Limsila, Thira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suttajit, Maitree</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Nimit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caplan, Lee S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Carcinogenesis (New York)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mitacek, Eugene J.</au><au>Brunnemann, Klaus D.</au><au>Hoffmann, Dietrich</au><au>Limsila, Thira</au><au>Suttajit, Maitree</au><au>Martin, Nimit</au><au>Caplan, Lee S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand</atitle><jtitle>Carcinogenesis (New York)</jtitle><addtitle>Carcinogenesis</addtitle><date>1999-01</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>133</spage><epage>137</epage><pages>133-137</pages><issn>0143-3334</issn><eissn>1460-2180</eissn><coden>CRNGDP</coden><abstract>In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and of handmade cigarettes has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer of the lung and of the upper aerodigestive tract have also increased in Thailand as they have in many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that the increase of primary cancer of the liver, especially of cholangiocarcinoma in the north-eastern provinces of Thailand is associated with the use of tobacco in men infested with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Bioassays have shown that volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines induce cholangiocarcinoma in laboratory animals and that the hepatocarcinogenic action of nitrosodimethylamine in hamsters is significantly increased by infestation with the liver fluke OV. The endogenous formation of nitrosamines is significantly increased by OV infestation. This report presents analytical data on the concentration of volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke of nine leading brands of commercially produced Thai cigarettes which represent ~85% of the market share in Thailand. Observed ranges (ng/cigarette) were 8.5–31.9 for nitrosodimethylamine, 8.8–49.6 for nitrosopyrrolidine and 4.2–18.9 for nitrosodi-n-butylamine. These values are exceptionally high compared with the smoke of light and blended cigarettes from North America and Western Europe. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, the range was 28–730 for nitrosonornicotine and 16–370 for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. There was a correla-tion between volatile and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and tar and nicotine deliveries in the mainstream smoke. The analytical data are in line with the rate for lung cancer and support our working hypothesis that nitrosamines, and especially the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, are associated with the increased risk for primary liver cancer among those Thai people who smoke cigarettes and also carry OV infestation.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>9934860</pmid><doi>10.1093/carcin/20.1.133</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0143-3334 |
| ispartof | Carcinogenesis (New York), 1999-01, Vol.20 (1), p.133-137 |
| issn | 0143-3334 1460-2180 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17225507 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone Bile Duct Neoplasms - chemically induced Bile Duct Neoplasms - epidemiology Biological and medical sciences Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens CCA cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma - chemically induced Cholangiocarcinoma - epidemiology Cocarcinogenesis Comorbidity Female Foods and miscellaneous HCC hepatocellular carcinoma Humans Liver Neoplasms - chemically induced Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology Male Medical sciences NAB NAT NDBA NDMA Nicotiana - chemistry Nitrosamines - adverse effects Nitrosamines - analysis nitrosoanabasine nitrosoanatabine nitrosodi-n-butylamine nitrosodimethylamine nitrosonornicotine nitrosopyrrolidine NNK NNN NPYR Opisthorchiasis - epidemiology Opisthorchis viverrini PAH Plants, Toxic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons Risk Factors Smoke - adverse effects Smoke - analysis Smoking - adverse effects Smoking - epidemiology Tars - chemistry Thailand - epidemiology tobacco-specific nitrosamines TSNA Tumors VNA volatile nitrosamines Volatilization |
| title | Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-16T18%3A14%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Volatile%20nitrosamines%20and%20tobacco-specific%20nitrosamines%20in%20the%20smoke%20of%20Thai%20cigarettes:%20a%20risk%20factor%20for%20lung%20cancer%20and%20a%20suspected%20risk%20factor%20for%20liver%20cancer%20in%20Thailand&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis%20(New%20York)&rft.au=Mitacek,%20Eugene%20J.&rft.date=1999-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.epage=137&rft.pages=133-137&rft.issn=0143-3334&rft.eissn=1460-2180&rft.coden=CRNGDP&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/carcin/20.1.133&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E38609157%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=219346021&rft_id=info:pmid/9934860&rfr_iscdi=true |