Historical Changes in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas Surface Winds and Waves, 1971–2013
This study characterizes historical changes in surface wind speed and ocean surface waves in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas using Environment Canada’s Beaufort Wind and Wave Reanalysis for the period 1970–2013. The results show that both the significant wave height (Hs ) and mean wave period (Tm )...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of climate 2015-10, Vol.28 (19), p.7457-7469 |
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| creator | Wang, Xiaolan L. Feng, Yang Swail, Val R. Cox, Andrew |
| description | This study characterizes historical changes in surface wind speed and ocean surface waves in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas using Environment Canada’s Beaufort Wind and Wave Reanalysis for the period 1970–2013. The results show that both the significant wave height (Hs
) and mean wave period (Tm
) have increased significantly over the Bering Sea in July and August and over the Canadian Beaufort Sea westward to the northern Bering Sea in September, and that the 1992–2013 trends in September meanHs
agree well with satellite-based trend estimates for 1993–2010. Most outstandingly, the regional meanTm
has increased at a rate of 3%–4% y−1of the corresponding 1970–99 climatology; it has more than tripled since 1970. Also, the regional meanHs
has increased at a rate of 0.3% to 0.8% yr−1. The trends of lengthening wave period and increasing wave height imply a trend of increasing wave energy flux, providing a mechanism to break up sea ice and accelerate ice retreat. The results also show that changes in the local wind speeds alone cannot explain the significant changes in waves. The wind speeds show significant increases over the Bering Sea to the north of Alaska in July and over the central part of the domain in August and September, with decreases in the region off the Canadian coasts in August. In the region west of the Canadian coast, the climatological mean wind direction has rotated clockwise in July and August, with the climatological anticyclonic center being displaced northeastward in August. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0190.1 |
| format | Article |
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) and mean wave period (Tm
) have increased significantly over the Bering Sea in July and August and over the Canadian Beaufort Sea westward to the northern Bering Sea in September, and that the 1992–2013 trends in September meanHs
agree well with satellite-based trend estimates for 1993–2010. Most outstandingly, the regional meanTm
has increased at a rate of 3%–4% y−1of the corresponding 1970–99 climatology; it has more than tripled since 1970. Also, the regional meanHs
has increased at a rate of 0.3% to 0.8% yr−1. The trends of lengthening wave period and increasing wave height imply a trend of increasing wave energy flux, providing a mechanism to break up sea ice and accelerate ice retreat. The results also show that changes in the local wind speeds alone cannot explain the significant changes in waves. The wind speeds show significant increases over the Bering Sea to the north of Alaska in July and over the central part of the domain in August and September, with decreases in the region off the Canadian coasts in August. In the region west of the Canadian coast, the climatological mean wind direction has rotated clockwise in July and August, with the climatological anticyclonic center being displaced northeastward in August.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-8755</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0442</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0190.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Climate change ; Climatic zones ; Climatological means ; Climatology ; Coastal zone ; Coasts ; Energy flux ; Energy transfer ; Global warming ; Ice ; Kinematics ; Local winds ; Marine ; Mean winds ; Meteorological satellites ; Meteorology ; Ocean surface ; Oceanic climates ; Sea ice ; Seas ; Significant wave height ; Surface waves ; Surface wind ; Time series ; Trends ; Wave energy ; Wave height ; Wave period ; Wave power ; Waves ; Wind ; Wind direction ; Wind speed ; Wind velocity ; Winds</subject><ispartof>Journal of climate, 2015-10, Vol.28 (19), p.7457-7469</ispartof><rights>2015 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Oct 1, 2015</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-37191e6c500762b6d9a30973ad5341e21575ca245a3661a7cd354e8988733b8a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-37191e6c500762b6d9a30973ad5341e21575ca245a3661a7cd354e8988733b8a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26196008$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26196008$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,3679,27922,27923,58015,58248</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaolan L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feng, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swail, Val R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cox, Andrew</creatorcontrib><title>Historical Changes in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas Surface Winds and Waves, 1971–2013</title><title>Journal of climate</title><description>This study characterizes historical changes in surface wind speed and ocean surface waves in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas using Environment Canada’s Beaufort Wind and Wave Reanalysis for the period 1970–2013. The results show that both the significant wave height (Hs
) and mean wave period (Tm
) have increased significantly over the Bering Sea in July and August and over the Canadian Beaufort Sea westward to the northern Bering Sea in September, and that the 1992–2013 trends in September meanHs
agree well with satellite-based trend estimates for 1993–2010. Most outstandingly, the regional meanTm
has increased at a rate of 3%–4% y−1of the corresponding 1970–99 climatology; it has more than tripled since 1970. Also, the regional meanHs
has increased at a rate of 0.3% to 0.8% yr−1. The trends of lengthening wave period and increasing wave height imply a trend of increasing wave energy flux, providing a mechanism to break up sea ice and accelerate ice retreat. The results also show that changes in the local wind speeds alone cannot explain the significant changes in waves. The wind speeds show significant increases over the Bering Sea to the north of Alaska in July and over the central part of the domain in August and September, with decreases in the region off the Canadian coasts in August. In the region west of the Canadian coast, the climatological mean wind direction has rotated clockwise in July and August, with the climatological anticyclonic center being displaced northeastward in August.</description><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climatic zones</subject><subject>Climatological means</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Coastal zone</subject><subject>Coasts</subject><subject>Energy flux</subject><subject>Energy transfer</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Kinematics</subject><subject>Local winds</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Mean winds</subject><subject>Meteorological satellites</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Ocean surface</subject><subject>Oceanic climates</subject><subject>Sea ice</subject><subject>Seas</subject><subject>Significant wave height</subject><subject>Surface waves</subject><subject>Surface wind</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Wave energy</subject><subject>Wave height</subject><subject>Wave period</subject><subject>Wave power</subject><subject>Waves</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>Wind direction</subject><subject>Wind speed</subject><subject>Wind 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Andrew</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Historical Changes in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas Surface Winds and Waves, 1971–2013</atitle><jtitle>Journal of climate</jtitle><date>2015-10-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>7457</spage><epage>7469</epage><pages>7457-7469</pages><issn>0894-8755</issn><eissn>1520-0442</eissn><abstract>This study characterizes historical changes in surface wind speed and ocean surface waves in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas using Environment Canada’s Beaufort Wind and Wave Reanalysis for the period 1970–2013. The results show that both the significant wave height (Hs
) and mean wave period (Tm
) have increased significantly over the Bering Sea in July and August and over the Canadian Beaufort Sea westward to the northern Bering Sea in September, and that the 1992–2013 trends in September meanHs
agree well with satellite-based trend estimates for 1993–2010. Most outstandingly, the regional meanTm
has increased at a rate of 3%–4% y−1of the corresponding 1970–99 climatology; it has more than tripled since 1970. Also, the regional meanHs
has increased at a rate of 0.3% to 0.8% yr−1. The trends of lengthening wave period and increasing wave height imply a trend of increasing wave energy flux, providing a mechanism to break up sea ice and accelerate ice retreat. The results also show that changes in the local wind speeds alone cannot explain the significant changes in waves. The wind speeds show significant increases over the Bering Sea to the north of Alaska in July and over the central part of the domain in August and September, with decreases in the region off the Canadian coasts in August. In the region west of the Canadian coast, the climatological mean wind direction has rotated clockwise in July and August, with the climatological anticyclonic center being displaced northeastward in August.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/jcli-d-15-0190.1</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | American Meteorological Society; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | Climate change Climatic zones Climatological means Climatology Coastal zone Coasts Energy flux Energy transfer Global warming Ice Kinematics Local winds Marine Mean winds Meteorological satellites Meteorology Ocean surface Oceanic climates Sea ice Seas Significant wave height Surface waves Surface wind Time series Trends Wave energy Wave height Wave period Wave power Waves Wind Wind direction Wind speed Wind velocity Winds |
| title | Historical Changes in the Beaufort–Chukchi–Bering Seas Surface Winds and Waves, 1971–2013 |
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