Outdoor air pollution and children's respiratory symptoms in the steel cities of New South Wales
Objective To investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children aged 8 to 10 years. Design A cross‐sectional survey (between October 1993 and December 1993) of children's health and home environment. Summary measures of particulate pollution (level...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medical journal of Australia 1998-11, Vol.169 (9), p.459-463 |
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| creator | Lewis, Peter R Hensley, Michael J Wlodarczyk, John Toneguzzi, Ruth C Westley‐Wise, Victoria Dunn, Trevor Calvert, Dennis |
| description | Objective
To investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children aged 8 to 10 years.
Design
A cross‐sectional survey (between October 1993 and December 1993) of children's health and home environment. Summary measures of particulate pollution (levels of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm [PM10] each 6th day) and SO2 (daily mean and maximum hourly values) were estimated for each area (using air quality monitoring station data from July 1993 to June 1994).
Setting and survey participants
Parents of 3023 primary school children (Years 3, 4 and 5) from industrial and non‐industrial areas with air quality monitoring stations in the Hunter and Illawarra regions of New South Wales.
Main outcome measures
Reported occurrence of four or more chest colds, four or more attacks of wheezing, and night‐time cough without a cold for more than two weeks, all within the previous 12 months.
Results
77% response rate, ranging by area from 66% to 88%. The average annual outdoor air pollution for the nine areas was 18.6–43.7 μg/m3 for PM10 and 0.16–0.90 parts per hundred million for SO2. The proportion of children reported to have the main outcome symptoms were: chest colds, 3.0%–9.7%; night cough, 12.3%–30.5%; and wheeze, 3.4%–11.3%. There was no significant association with SO2, but a significant increase in the odds of symptoms per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 on chest colds (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.12–1.82) and night‐time cough (OR, 1.34; 95% Cl, 1.19–1.53), but not wheeze. Passive smoking was significantly associated with chest colds but not with the other symptoms. Maternal allergy was associated with all three respiratory symptoms, most strongly with wheeze.
Conclusion
These results provide evidence of health effects at lower than expected levels of outdoor air pollution in the Australian setting. They also suggest differences in contributions of environmental and hereditary factors to cough and chest colds compared with wheeze. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123366.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17215965</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><informt_id>10.3316/ielapa.990403773</informt_id><sourcerecordid>17215965</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5636-54aa3512d0c81df19a1c1ea407f130a82fefb097461aaeffcd62a0ce0b65d6103</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqVUU1v1DAUjBCoLIWfgGQJBKcN_kicWJxK1fKhQg8Uwc289QfrlROntqN2_z0JWcoROD09zbyZ0ZuieEZwWXNRvdqVhFG-rlnTlESItswbQhnjvLy9V6zusPvFCmNarxsqvj0sHqW0m1ZS0-aoOBJt1bSCr4rvl2PWIUQELqIheD9mF3oEvUZq67yOpn-ZUDRpcBFyiHuU9t2QQ5eQ61HeGpSyMR4pl51JKFj0ydygz2HMW_QVvEmPiwcWfDJPDvO4-HJ-dnX6bn1x-fb96cnFWtWcTYErAFYTqrFqibZEAFHEQIUbSxiGllpjN1g0FScAxlqlOQWsDN7wWnOC2XHxYtEdYrgeTcqyc0kZ76E3YUySCsEqQZp_IPKKEVr_lUia6ZuCz8TXC1HFkFI0Vg7RdRD3kmA5NyZ3cm5Fzq3IuTH5uzF5O10_PdiMm87ou9tDRRP-_IBDUuBthF659MeC4-lvc4izhXbjvNn_TwL58cMJvXqzrJPO-aITO5clDGCz3OY8JKkhg3S9Db-QEH9IHdxswBjh0hk_kaUQuMKTCWM_AYC5zng</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>17215965</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Outdoor air pollution and children's respiratory symptoms in the steel cities of New South Wales</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Lewis, Peter R ; Hensley, Michael J ; Wlodarczyk, John ; Toneguzzi, Ruth C ; Westley‐Wise, Victoria ; Dunn, Trevor ; Calvert, Dennis</creator><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Peter R ; Hensley, Michael J ; Wlodarczyk, John ; Toneguzzi, Ruth C ; Westley‐Wise, Victoria ; Dunn, Trevor ; Calvert, Dennis</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children aged 8 to 10 years.
Design
A cross‐sectional survey (between October 1993 and December 1993) of children's health and home environment. Summary measures of particulate pollution (levels of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm [PM10] each 6th day) and SO2 (daily mean and maximum hourly values) were estimated for each area (using air quality monitoring station data from July 1993 to June 1994).
Setting and survey participants
Parents of 3023 primary school children (Years 3, 4 and 5) from industrial and non‐industrial areas with air quality monitoring stations in the Hunter and Illawarra regions of New South Wales.
Main outcome measures
Reported occurrence of four or more chest colds, four or more attacks of wheezing, and night‐time cough without a cold for more than two weeks, all within the previous 12 months.
Results
77% response rate, ranging by area from 66% to 88%. The average annual outdoor air pollution for the nine areas was 18.6–43.7 μg/m3 for PM10 and 0.16–0.90 parts per hundred million for SO2. The proportion of children reported to have the main outcome symptoms were: chest colds, 3.0%–9.7%; night cough, 12.3%–30.5%; and wheeze, 3.4%–11.3%. There was no significant association with SO2, but a significant increase in the odds of symptoms per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 on chest colds (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.12–1.82) and night‐time cough (OR, 1.34; 95% Cl, 1.19–1.53), but not wheeze. Passive smoking was significantly associated with chest colds but not with the other symptoms. Maternal allergy was associated with all three respiratory symptoms, most strongly with wheeze.
Conclusion
These results provide evidence of health effects at lower than expected levels of outdoor air pollution in the Australian setting. They also suggest differences in contributions of environmental and hereditary factors to cough and chest colds compared with wheeze.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0025-729X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1326-5377</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123366.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9847896</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MJAUAJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Sydney: Australasian Medical Publishing Company</publisher><subject>Air Pollution - adverse effects ; Air Pollution - analysis ; Asthma ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chest colds ; Child ; Child health ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diseases ; Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data ; Environmental pollutants toxicology ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Female ; General aspects ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hunter Illawarra Study of Airways and Air Pollution (HISAAP) ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical sciences ; New South Wales ; New South Wales - epidemiology ; Newcastle (NSW) ; Pollution ; Primary schools ; Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology ; Statistics ; Steel ; Surveys ; Toxicology ; Tropical medicine ; Urban Population - statistics & numerical data ; Wollongong (NSW)</subject><ispartof>Medical journal of Australia, 1998-11, Vol.169 (9), p.459-463</ispartof><rights>1998 AMPCo Pty Ltd. All rights reserved</rights><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5636-54aa3512d0c81df19a1c1ea407f130a82fefb097461aaeffcd62a0ce0b65d6103</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5636-54aa3512d0c81df19a1c1ea407f130a82fefb097461aaeffcd62a0ce0b65d6103</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.1998.tb123366.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.1998.tb123366.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1603515$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9847896$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Peter R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hensley, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wlodarczyk, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toneguzzi, Ruth C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Westley‐Wise, Victoria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunn, Trevor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calvert, Dennis</creatorcontrib><title>Outdoor air pollution and children's respiratory symptoms in the steel cities of New South Wales</title><title>Medical journal of Australia</title><addtitle>Med J Aust</addtitle><description>Objective
To investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children aged 8 to 10 years.
Design
A cross‐sectional survey (between October 1993 and December 1993) of children's health and home environment. Summary measures of particulate pollution (levels of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm [PM10] each 6th day) and SO2 (daily mean and maximum hourly values) were estimated for each area (using air quality monitoring station data from July 1993 to June 1994).
Setting and survey participants
Parents of 3023 primary school children (Years 3, 4 and 5) from industrial and non‐industrial areas with air quality monitoring stations in the Hunter and Illawarra regions of New South Wales.
Main outcome measures
Reported occurrence of four or more chest colds, four or more attacks of wheezing, and night‐time cough without a cold for more than two weeks, all within the previous 12 months.
Results
77% response rate, ranging by area from 66% to 88%. The average annual outdoor air pollution for the nine areas was 18.6–43.7 μg/m3 for PM10 and 0.16–0.90 parts per hundred million for SO2. The proportion of children reported to have the main outcome symptoms were: chest colds, 3.0%–9.7%; night cough, 12.3%–30.5%; and wheeze, 3.4%–11.3%. There was no significant association with SO2, but a significant increase in the odds of symptoms per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 on chest colds (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.12–1.82) and night‐time cough (OR, 1.34; 95% Cl, 1.19–1.53), but not wheeze. Passive smoking was significantly associated with chest colds but not with the other symptoms. Maternal allergy was associated with all three respiratory symptoms, most strongly with wheeze.
Conclusion
These results provide evidence of health effects at lower than expected levels of outdoor air pollution in the Australian setting. They also suggest differences in contributions of environmental and hereditary factors to cough and chest colds compared with wheeze.</description><subject>Air Pollution - adverse effects</subject><subject>Air Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chest colds</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child health</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diseases</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Environmental pollutants toxicology</subject><subject>Epidemiological Monitoring</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hunter Illawarra Study of Airways and Air Pollution (HISAAP)</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>New South Wales</subject><subject>New South Wales - epidemiology</subject><subject>Newcastle (NSW)</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Primary schools</subject><subject>Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Steel</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Tropical medicine</subject><subject>Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Wollongong (NSW)</subject><issn>0025-729X</issn><issn>1326-5377</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVUU1v1DAUjBCoLIWfgGQJBKcN_kicWJxK1fKhQg8Uwc289QfrlROntqN2_z0JWcoROD09zbyZ0ZuieEZwWXNRvdqVhFG-rlnTlESItswbQhnjvLy9V6zusPvFCmNarxsqvj0sHqW0m1ZS0-aoOBJt1bSCr4rvl2PWIUQELqIheD9mF3oEvUZq67yOpn-ZUDRpcBFyiHuU9t2QQ5eQ61HeGpSyMR4pl51JKFj0ydygz2HMW_QVvEmPiwcWfDJPDvO4-HJ-dnX6bn1x-fb96cnFWtWcTYErAFYTqrFqibZEAFHEQIUbSxiGllpjN1g0FScAxlqlOQWsDN7wWnOC2XHxYtEdYrgeTcqyc0kZ76E3YUySCsEqQZp_IPKKEVr_lUia6ZuCz8TXC1HFkFI0Vg7RdRD3kmA5NyZ3cm5Fzq3IuTH5uzF5O10_PdiMm87ou9tDRRP-_IBDUuBthF659MeC4-lvc4izhXbjvNn_TwL58cMJvXqzrJPO-aITO5clDGCz3OY8JKkhg3S9Db-QEH9IHdxswBjh0hk_kaUQuMKTCWM_AYC5zng</recordid><startdate>199811</startdate><enddate>199811</enddate><creator>Lewis, Peter R</creator><creator>Hensley, Michael J</creator><creator>Wlodarczyk, John</creator><creator>Toneguzzi, Ruth C</creator><creator>Westley‐Wise, Victoria</creator><creator>Dunn, Trevor</creator><creator>Calvert, Dennis</creator><general>Australasian Medical Publishing Company</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199811</creationdate><title>Outdoor air pollution and children's respiratory symptoms in the steel cities of New South Wales</title><author>Lewis, Peter R ; Hensley, Michael J ; Wlodarczyk, John ; Toneguzzi, Ruth C ; Westley‐Wise, Victoria ; Dunn, Trevor ; Calvert, Dennis</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5636-54aa3512d0c81df19a1c1ea407f130a82fefb097461aaeffcd62a0ce0b65d6103</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Air Pollution - adverse effects</topic><topic>Air Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chest colds</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child health</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diseases</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Environmental pollutants toxicology</topic><topic>Epidemiological Monitoring</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Health Surveys</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hunter Illawarra Study of Airways and Air Pollution (HISAAP)</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>New South Wales</topic><topic>New South Wales - epidemiology</topic><topic>Newcastle (NSW)</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Primary schools</topic><topic>Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Steel</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Tropical medicine</topic><topic>Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Wollongong (NSW)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lewis, Peter R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hensley, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wlodarczyk, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toneguzzi, Ruth C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Westley‐Wise, Victoria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunn, Trevor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calvert, Dennis</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Medical journal of Australia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lewis, Peter R</au><au>Hensley, Michael J</au><au>Wlodarczyk, John</au><au>Toneguzzi, Ruth C</au><au>Westley‐Wise, Victoria</au><au>Dunn, Trevor</au><au>Calvert, Dennis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Outdoor air pollution and children's respiratory symptoms in the steel cities of New South Wales</atitle><jtitle>Medical journal of Australia</jtitle><addtitle>Med J Aust</addtitle><date>1998-11</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>169</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>459</spage><epage>463</epage><pages>459-463</pages><issn>0025-729X</issn><eissn>1326-5377</eissn><coden>MJAUAJ</coden><abstract>Objective
To investigate the relationship between outdoor air pollution and the respiratory health of children aged 8 to 10 years.
Design
A cross‐sectional survey (between October 1993 and December 1993) of children's health and home environment. Summary measures of particulate pollution (levels of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10μm [PM10] each 6th day) and SO2 (daily mean and maximum hourly values) were estimated for each area (using air quality monitoring station data from July 1993 to June 1994).
Setting and survey participants
Parents of 3023 primary school children (Years 3, 4 and 5) from industrial and non‐industrial areas with air quality monitoring stations in the Hunter and Illawarra regions of New South Wales.
Main outcome measures
Reported occurrence of four or more chest colds, four or more attacks of wheezing, and night‐time cough without a cold for more than two weeks, all within the previous 12 months.
Results
77% response rate, ranging by area from 66% to 88%. The average annual outdoor air pollution for the nine areas was 18.6–43.7 μg/m3 for PM10 and 0.16–0.90 parts per hundred million for SO2. The proportion of children reported to have the main outcome symptoms were: chest colds, 3.0%–9.7%; night cough, 12.3%–30.5%; and wheeze, 3.4%–11.3%. There was no significant association with SO2, but a significant increase in the odds of symptoms per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 on chest colds (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.12–1.82) and night‐time cough (OR, 1.34; 95% Cl, 1.19–1.53), but not wheeze. Passive smoking was significantly associated with chest colds but not with the other symptoms. Maternal allergy was associated with all three respiratory symptoms, most strongly with wheeze.
Conclusion
These results provide evidence of health effects at lower than expected levels of outdoor air pollution in the Australian setting. They also suggest differences in contributions of environmental and hereditary factors to cough and chest colds compared with wheeze.</abstract><cop>Sydney</cop><pub>Australasian Medical Publishing Company</pub><pmid>9847896</pmid><doi>10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123366.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0025-729X |
| ispartof | Medical journal of Australia, 1998-11, Vol.169 (9), p.459-463 |
| issn | 0025-729X 1326-5377 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17215965 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Air Pollution - adverse effects Air Pollution - analysis Asthma Biological and medical sciences Chest colds Child Child health Cross-Sectional Studies Diseases Environmental Monitoring - statistics & numerical data Environmental pollutants toxicology Epidemiological Monitoring Female General aspects Health Surveys Humans Hunter Illawarra Study of Airways and Air Pollution (HISAAP) Incidence Male Medical sciences New South Wales New South Wales - epidemiology Newcastle (NSW) Pollution Primary schools Respiratory Tract Infections - epidemiology Statistics Steel Surveys Toxicology Tropical medicine Urban Population - statistics & numerical data Wollongong (NSW) |
| title | Outdoor air pollution and children's respiratory symptoms in the steel cities of New South Wales |
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