Mojave toxin in venom of Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake): molecular and geographic characterization
Mojave toxin (MT) was detected in five of 25 Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific rattlesnake) sampled using anti-MT antibodies and nucleotide sequence analysis. All of the venoms that were positive for MT were collected from Mt San Jacinto in Riverside Co., California. Since this population is geogra...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Toxicon (Oxford) 2004-12, Vol.44 (7), p.781-791 |
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| creator | French, Wendy J. Hayes, William K. Bush, Sean P. Cardwell, Michael D. Bader, Julia O. Rael, Eppie D. |
| description | Mojave toxin (MT) was detected in five of 25
Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific rattlesnake) sampled using anti-MT antibodies and nucleotide sequence analysis. All of the venoms that were positive for MT were collected from Mt San Jacinto in Riverside Co., California. Since this population is geographically isolated from
C. scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake), it is unlikely that this finding is due to recent hybridization. MT concentration differences between
C. helleri and
C. s. scutulatus reflected the presence of ‘isoforms’ of the toxin in the venom. Whereas
C. s. scutulatus generally has several isoforms of the toxin (detected by Western blotting), only one ‘isoform’ that focused at pI 5.1 was detected in
C. helleri. Both acidic and basic subunits of MT sequences were obtained from
C. helleri DNA with primers specific for MT, but only from snakes that had MT in their venom. The sequence identity of the
C. helleri acidic subunit to the
C. s. scutulatus subunit was 84.9%, whereas the sequence identity of the
C. helleri basic subunit was 97% to the
C. s. scutulatus basic subunit. Using casein, fibrin, and hide powder azure as substrates, assays for proteolytic activity suggested that
C. helleri possesses several different types of metalloproteinases in their venom. However, proteolytic activity was not detected, or present in reduced amounts, in specimens having MT. Clinical neurotoxicity following envenomation by certain populations of
C. helleri may be due to MT. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.008 |
| format | Article |
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Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific rattlesnake) sampled using anti-MT antibodies and nucleotide sequence analysis. All of the venoms that were positive for MT were collected from Mt San Jacinto in Riverside Co., California. Since this population is geographically isolated from
C. scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake), it is unlikely that this finding is due to recent hybridization. MT concentration differences between
C. helleri and
C. s. scutulatus reflected the presence of ‘isoforms’ of the toxin in the venom. Whereas
C. s. scutulatus generally has several isoforms of the toxin (detected by Western blotting), only one ‘isoform’ that focused at pI 5.1 was detected in
C. helleri. Both acidic and basic subunits of MT sequences were obtained from
C. helleri DNA with primers specific for MT, but only from snakes that had MT in their venom. The sequence identity of the
C. helleri acidic subunit to the
C. s. scutulatus subunit was 84.9%, whereas the sequence identity of the
C. helleri basic subunit was 97% to the
C. s. scutulatus basic subunit. Using casein, fibrin, and hide powder azure as substrates, assays for proteolytic activity suggested that
C. helleri possesses several different types of metalloproteinases in their venom. However, proteolytic activity was not detected, or present in reduced amounts, in specimens having MT. Clinical neurotoxicity following envenomation by certain populations of
C. helleri may be due to MT.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0041-0101</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3150</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.008</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15500854</identifier><identifier>CODEN: TOXIA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animal poisons toxicology. Antivenoms ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blotting, Western ; California ; Caseins - metabolism ; Chromogenic Compounds - metabolism ; Crotalid Venoms - genetics ; Crotalid Venoms - metabolism ; Crotalus ; Crotalus helleri ; Crotalus scutulatus ; DNA Primers ; DNA sequence ; Fibrin - metabolism ; Geography ; Medical sciences ; Metalloproteinases ; Mojave toxin ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurotoxins - genetics ; Neurotoxins - metabolism ; Organic Chemicals ; Protein Isoforms ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology ; Species Specificity ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Toxicon (Oxford), 2004-12, Vol.44 (7), p.781-791</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-75f54f0aa65823d58978a77d92f116dc9cd809b58f0a4e9397e626bc11863f6f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-75f54f0aa65823d58978a77d92f116dc9cd809b58f0a4e9397e626bc11863f6f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.008$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16223632$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15500854$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>French, Wendy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayes, William K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bush, Sean P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cardwell, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bader, Julia O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rael, Eppie D.</creatorcontrib><title>Mojave toxin in venom of Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake): molecular and geographic characterization</title><title>Toxicon (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Toxicon</addtitle><description>Mojave toxin (MT) was detected in five of 25
Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific rattlesnake) sampled using anti-MT antibodies and nucleotide sequence analysis. All of the venoms that were positive for MT were collected from Mt San Jacinto in Riverside Co., California. Since this population is geographically isolated from
C. scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake), it is unlikely that this finding is due to recent hybridization. MT concentration differences between
C. helleri and
C. s. scutulatus reflected the presence of ‘isoforms’ of the toxin in the venom. Whereas
C. s. scutulatus generally has several isoforms of the toxin (detected by Western blotting), only one ‘isoform’ that focused at pI 5.1 was detected in
C. helleri. Both acidic and basic subunits of MT sequences were obtained from
C. helleri DNA with primers specific for MT, but only from snakes that had MT in their venom. The sequence identity of the
C. helleri acidic subunit to the
C. s. scutulatus subunit was 84.9%, whereas the sequence identity of the
C. helleri basic subunit was 97% to the
C. s. scutulatus basic subunit. Using casein, fibrin, and hide powder azure as substrates, assays for proteolytic activity suggested that
C. helleri possesses several different types of metalloproteinases in their venom. However, proteolytic activity was not detected, or present in reduced amounts, in specimens having MT. Clinical neurotoxicity following envenomation by certain populations of
C. helleri may be due to MT.</description><subject>Animal poisons toxicology. Antivenoms</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blotting, Western</subject><subject>California</subject><subject>Caseins - metabolism</subject><subject>Chromogenic Compounds - metabolism</subject><subject>Crotalid Venoms - genetics</subject><subject>Crotalid Venoms - metabolism</subject><subject>Crotalus</subject><subject>Crotalus helleri</subject><subject>Crotalus scutulatus</subject><subject>DNA Primers</subject><subject>DNA sequence</subject><subject>Fibrin - metabolism</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metalloproteinases</subject><subject>Mojave toxin</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Neurotoxins - genetics</subject><subject>Neurotoxins - metabolism</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals</subject><subject>Protein Isoforms</subject><subject>Sequence Alignment</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Sequence Homology</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0041-0101</issn><issn>1879-3150</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkF2L1DAUhoMo7uzqT1Byo-hFa9I2aeqNyLB-wIrix3U4k57sZGyTMUkH9debYQb2UjiQi_O8b5KHkCec1Zxx-WpX5_DbmeDrhrGuZqpmTN0jK676oWq5YPfJqix4xQp-QS5T2jHGWjXIh-SCC1Fo0a1I-hR2cEB6LPO0zAF9mGmwdB1DhmlJdIvThNHRF9_CkrcYPf0Cxlln6FfIecLk4Se-fE3nMKFZJogU_EhvMdxG2G8LZrYQweTS8ReyC_4ReWBhSvj4fF6RH--uv68_VDef339cv72pTKdUrnphRWcZgBSqaUehhl5B349DYzmXoxnMqNiwEaowHQ7t0KNs5MZwrmRrpW2vyPNT7z6GXwumrGeXTPkNeAxL0rxvigjOCyhOoIkhpYhW76ObIf7RnOmjbb3TZ9v6aFszpYu_knt6vmDZzDjepc56C_DsDEAyMNkI3rh0x8mmaWXbFO7NicOi4-Aw6mQceoOji2iyHoP7z1P-AaS4obk</recordid><startdate>20041201</startdate><enddate>20041201</enddate><creator>French, Wendy J.</creator><creator>Hayes, William K.</creator><creator>Bush, Sean P.</creator><creator>Cardwell, Michael D.</creator><creator>Bader, Julia O.</creator><creator>Rael, Eppie D.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20041201</creationdate><title>Mojave toxin in venom of Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake): molecular and geographic characterization</title><author>French, Wendy J. ; Hayes, William K. ; Bush, Sean P. ; Cardwell, Michael D. ; Bader, Julia O. ; Rael, Eppie D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-75f54f0aa65823d58978a77d92f116dc9cd809b58f0a4e9397e626bc11863f6f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Animal poisons toxicology. Antivenoms</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blotting, Western</topic><topic>California</topic><topic>Caseins - metabolism</topic><topic>Chromogenic Compounds - metabolism</topic><topic>Crotalid Venoms - genetics</topic><topic>Crotalid Venoms - metabolism</topic><topic>Crotalus</topic><topic>Crotalus helleri</topic><topic>Crotalus scutulatus</topic><topic>DNA Primers</topic><topic>DNA sequence</topic><topic>Fibrin - metabolism</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metalloproteinases</topic><topic>Mojave toxin</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Neurotoxins - genetics</topic><topic>Neurotoxins - metabolism</topic><topic>Organic Chemicals</topic><topic>Protein Isoforms</topic><topic>Sequence Alignment</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Sequence Homology</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>French, Wendy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayes, William K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bush, Sean P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cardwell, Michael D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bader, Julia O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rael, Eppie D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Toxicon (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>French, Wendy J.</au><au>Hayes, William K.</au><au>Bush, Sean P.</au><au>Cardwell, Michael D.</au><au>Bader, Julia O.</au><au>Rael, Eppie D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mojave toxin in venom of Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake): molecular and geographic characterization</atitle><jtitle>Toxicon (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Toxicon</addtitle><date>2004-12-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>781</spage><epage>791</epage><pages>781-791</pages><issn>0041-0101</issn><eissn>1879-3150</eissn><coden>TOXIA6</coden><abstract>Mojave toxin (MT) was detected in five of 25
Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific rattlesnake) sampled using anti-MT antibodies and nucleotide sequence analysis. All of the venoms that were positive for MT were collected from Mt San Jacinto in Riverside Co., California. Since this population is geographically isolated from
C. scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake), it is unlikely that this finding is due to recent hybridization. MT concentration differences between
C. helleri and
C. s. scutulatus reflected the presence of ‘isoforms’ of the toxin in the venom. Whereas
C. s. scutulatus generally has several isoforms of the toxin (detected by Western blotting), only one ‘isoform’ that focused at pI 5.1 was detected in
C. helleri. Both acidic and basic subunits of MT sequences were obtained from
C. helleri DNA with primers specific for MT, but only from snakes that had MT in their venom. The sequence identity of the
C. helleri acidic subunit to the
C. s. scutulatus subunit was 84.9%, whereas the sequence identity of the
C. helleri basic subunit was 97% to the
C. s. scutulatus basic subunit. Using casein, fibrin, and hide powder azure as substrates, assays for proteolytic activity suggested that
C. helleri possesses several different types of metalloproteinases in their venom. However, proteolytic activity was not detected, or present in reduced amounts, in specimens having MT. Clinical neurotoxicity following envenomation by certain populations of
C. helleri may be due to MT.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>15500854</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.008</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Toxicon (Oxford), 2004-12, Vol.44 (7), p.781-791 |
| issn | 0041-0101 1879-3150 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Animal poisons toxicology. Antivenoms Animals Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Blotting, Western California Caseins - metabolism Chromogenic Compounds - metabolism Crotalid Venoms - genetics Crotalid Venoms - metabolism Crotalus Crotalus helleri Crotalus scutulatus DNA Primers DNA sequence Fibrin - metabolism Geography Medical sciences Metalloproteinases Mojave toxin Molecular Sequence Data Neurotoxins - genetics Neurotoxins - metabolism Organic Chemicals Protein Isoforms Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology Species Specificity Toxicology |
| title | Mojave toxin in venom of Crotalus helleri (Southern Pacific Rattlesnake): molecular and geographic characterization |
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