GM-CSF in Neuroinflammation: Licensing Myeloid Cells for Tissue Damage

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypical inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS lesions harbor different immune cells, but the contribution of individual cell types to disease etiology and progression is not well understood. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)...

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Veröffentlicht in:Trends in immunology 2015-10, Vol.36 (10), p.651-662
Hauptverfasser: Croxford, Andrew L, Spath, Sabine, Becher, Burkhard
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creator Croxford, Andrew L
Spath, Sabine
Becher, Burkhard
description Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypical inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS lesions harbor different immune cells, but the contribution of individual cell types to disease etiology and progression is not well understood. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), auto-reactive helper T (Th) cells instigate CNS inflammation by acting on myeloid cells via the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Recent reports have implicated myeloid cells in both the inflammatory process and as executers of tissue damage in the CNS. We review these findings here, and integrate them into a model wherein GM-CSF produced by Th cells coordinates monocyte recruitment to the CNS, and differentiation into pathogenic effectors. We discuss the implications of this model to current therapies for MS, and outline important areas of further inquiry.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.it.2015.08.004
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subjects Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Antigens
Cell Communication
Cell Differentiation
Central Nervous System Diseases - genetics
Central Nervous System Diseases - immunology
Central Nervous System Diseases - metabolism
Central Nervous System Diseases - pathology
CNS
Cytokines
Disease
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - genetics
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - immunology
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - metabolism
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental - pathology
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
GM-CSF
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - genetics
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor - metabolism
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - genetics
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - pathology
Lymphocytes
monocytes
Multiple Sclerosis - genetics
Multiple Sclerosis - immunology
Multiple Sclerosis - metabolism
Multiple Sclerosis - pathology
Multiple Sclerosis - therapy
Myeloid Cells - cytology
Myeloid Cells - immunology
Myeloid Cells - metabolism
Neuroimmunomodulation
neuroinflammation
Studies
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer - metabolism
Target recognition
tissue damage
Transcription factors
title GM-CSF in Neuroinflammation: Licensing Myeloid Cells for Tissue Damage
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