Psychosocial sequelae of cannabis use and implications for policy: findings from the Christchurch Health and Development Study
Background The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children who were born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. This cohort has now been studied from birth to the age of 35. Scope of this review This article examines a series of findings from...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2015-09, Vol.50 (9), p.1317-1326 |
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| creator | Fergusson, David M. Boden, Joseph M. Horwood, L. John |
| description | Background
The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children who were born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. This cohort has now been studied from birth to the age of 35.
Scope of this review
This article examines a series of findings from the CHDS that address a range of issues relating to the use of cannabis amongst the cohort. These issues include: (a) patterns of cannabis use and cannabis dependence; (b) linkages between cannabis use and adverse educational and economic outcomes; (c) cannabis and other illicit drug use; (d) cannabis and psychotic symptoms; (e) other CHDS findings related to cannabis; and (f) the consequences of cannabis use for adults using cannabis regularly.
Findings
In general, the findings of the CHDS suggest that individuals who use cannabis regularly, or who begin using cannabis at earlier ages, are at increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes, including: lower levels of educational attainment; welfare dependence and unemployment; using other, more dangerous illicit drugs; and psychotic symptomatology. It should also be noted, however, that there is a substantial proportion of regular adult users who do not experience harmful consequences as a result of cannabis use.
Conclusions
Collectively, these findings suggest that cannabis policy needs to be further developed and evaluated in order to find the best way to regulate a widely-used, and increasingly legal substance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00127-015-1070-x |
| format | Article |
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The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children who were born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. This cohort has now been studied from birth to the age of 35.
Scope of this review
This article examines a series of findings from the CHDS that address a range of issues relating to the use of cannabis amongst the cohort. These issues include: (a) patterns of cannabis use and cannabis dependence; (b) linkages between cannabis use and adverse educational and economic outcomes; (c) cannabis and other illicit drug use; (d) cannabis and psychotic symptoms; (e) other CHDS findings related to cannabis; and (f) the consequences of cannabis use for adults using cannabis regularly.
Findings
In general, the findings of the CHDS suggest that individuals who use cannabis regularly, or who begin using cannabis at earlier ages, are at increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes, including: lower levels of educational attainment; welfare dependence and unemployment; using other, more dangerous illicit drugs; and psychotic symptomatology. It should also be noted, however, that there is a substantial proportion of regular adult users who do not experience harmful consequences as a result of cannabis use.
Conclusions
Collectively, these findings suggest that cannabis policy needs to be further developed and evaluated in order to find the best way to regulate a widely-used, and increasingly legal substance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0933-7954</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1433-9285</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1070-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26006253</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Educational Status ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Invited Reviews ; Longitudinal Studies ; Marijuana ; Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology ; Marijuana Smoking - adverse effects ; Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology ; Marijuana Smoking - psychology ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; New Zealand - epidemiology ; Psychiatry ; Psychological aspects ; Psychotic Disorders - epidemiology ; Public Policy ; Risk ; Social Welfare - statistics & numerical data ; Street Drugs ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Unemployment - statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2015-09, Vol.50 (9), p.1317-1326</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-effd6f10ca8963423d278e36f4c559b4792384f1b802b3e259e1581f41421d6a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-effd6f10ca8963423d278e36f4c559b4792384f1b802b3e259e1581f41421d6a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00127-015-1070-x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00127-015-1070-x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>313,314,780,784,792,27922,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26006253$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fergusson, David M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boden, Joseph M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horwood, L. John</creatorcontrib><title>Psychosocial sequelae of cannabis use and implications for policy: findings from the Christchurch Health and Development Study</title><title>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</title><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Background
The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children who were born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. This cohort has now been studied from birth to the age of 35.
Scope of this review
This article examines a series of findings from the CHDS that address a range of issues relating to the use of cannabis amongst the cohort. These issues include: (a) patterns of cannabis use and cannabis dependence; (b) linkages between cannabis use and adverse educational and economic outcomes; (c) cannabis and other illicit drug use; (d) cannabis and psychotic symptoms; (e) other CHDS findings related to cannabis; and (f) the consequences of cannabis use for adults using cannabis regularly.
Findings
In general, the findings of the CHDS suggest that individuals who use cannabis regularly, or who begin using cannabis at earlier ages, are at increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes, including: lower levels of educational attainment; welfare dependence and unemployment; using other, more dangerous illicit drugs; and psychotic symptomatology. It should also be noted, however, that there is a substantial proportion of regular adult users who do not experience harmful consequences as a result of cannabis use.
Conclusions
Collectively, these findings suggest that cannabis policy needs to be further developed and evaluated in order to find the best way to regulate a widely-used, and increasingly legal substance.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Invited Reviews</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology</subject><subject>Marijuana Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Marijuana Smoking - psychology</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>New Zealand - epidemiology</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Psychotic Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Public Policy</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Social Welfare - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Street Drugs</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Unemployment - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0933-7954</issn><issn>1433-9285</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUtv1DAUhS0EokPhB7BBltiwSbl-5MWuGh5FqgQSsLYc53riKrGDnVSdDb8dT6c8BfLC9vV3ju71IeQpgzMGUL9MAIzXBbCyYFBDcXOPbJgUomh5U94nG2jzuW5LeUIepXQFAKKtxUNywiuAipdiQ759THszhBSM0yNN-HXFUSMNlhrtve5comtCqn1P3TSPzujFBZ-oDZHOId_3r6h1vnd-l4sxTHQZkG6H6NJihjWagV6gHpfh1uI1XuMY5gn9Qj8ta79_TB5YPSZ8crefki9v33zeXhSXH969355fFqaEdinQ2r6yDIxu2kpILnpeNygqK01Ztp2sWy4aaVnXAO8E8rJFVjbMSiY56ystTsmLo-8cQx4xLWpyyeA4ao9hTYrVrGpFw4Bn9Plf6FVYo8_d3VJV_k9W_6J2ekTlvA1L1OZgqs4zJWXTQJWps39QefU4ORM8WpfrfwjYUWBiSCmiVXN0k457xUAdMlfHzFXOXB0yVzdZ8-yu4bWbsP-p-BFyBvgRSPnJ7zD-NtF_Xb8DK5i2QQ</recordid><startdate>20150901</startdate><enddate>20150901</enddate><creator>Fergusson, David M.</creator><creator>Boden, Joseph M.</creator><creator>Horwood, L. 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John</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Psychosocial sequelae of cannabis use and implications for policy: findings from the Christchurch Health and Development Study</atitle><jtitle>Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2015-09-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1317</spage><epage>1326</epage><pages>1317-1326</pages><issn>0933-7954</issn><eissn>1433-9285</eissn><abstract>Background
The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 children who were born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. This cohort has now been studied from birth to the age of 35.
Scope of this review
This article examines a series of findings from the CHDS that address a range of issues relating to the use of cannabis amongst the cohort. These issues include: (a) patterns of cannabis use and cannabis dependence; (b) linkages between cannabis use and adverse educational and economic outcomes; (c) cannabis and other illicit drug use; (d) cannabis and psychotic symptoms; (e) other CHDS findings related to cannabis; and (f) the consequences of cannabis use for adults using cannabis regularly.
Findings
In general, the findings of the CHDS suggest that individuals who use cannabis regularly, or who begin using cannabis at earlier ages, are at increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes, including: lower levels of educational attainment; welfare dependence and unemployment; using other, more dangerous illicit drugs; and psychotic symptomatology. It should also be noted, however, that there is a substantial proportion of regular adult users who do not experience harmful consequences as a result of cannabis use.
Conclusions
Collectively, these findings suggest that cannabis policy needs to be further developed and evaluated in order to find the best way to regulate a widely-used, and increasingly legal substance.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>26006253</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00127-015-1070-x</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0933-7954 |
| ispartof | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2015-09, Vol.50 (9), p.1317-1326 |
| issn | 0933-7954 1433-9285 |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Educational Status Epidemiology Humans Invited Reviews Longitudinal Studies Marijuana Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology Marijuana Smoking - adverse effects Marijuana Smoking - epidemiology Marijuana Smoking - psychology Medicine Medicine & Public Health New Zealand - epidemiology Psychiatry Psychological aspects Psychotic Disorders - epidemiology Public Policy Risk Social Welfare - statistics & numerical data Street Drugs Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Unemployment - statistics & numerical data Young Adult |
| title | Psychosocial sequelae of cannabis use and implications for policy: findings from the Christchurch Health and Development Study |
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