Ecological interactions on macroevolutionary time scales: clams and brachiopods are more than ships that pass in the night

Competition among organisms has ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, whether the consequences of competition are manifested and measureable on macroevolutionary time scales is equivocal. Marine bivalves and brachiopods have overlapping niches such that competition for food and space ma...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology letters 2015-10, Vol.18 (10), p.1030-1039
Hauptverfasser: Liow, Lee Hsiang, Reitan, Trond, Harnik, Paul G, Jackson, Stephen
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container_title Ecology letters
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creator Liow, Lee Hsiang
Reitan, Trond
Harnik, Paul G
Jackson, Stephen
description Competition among organisms has ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, whether the consequences of competition are manifested and measureable on macroevolutionary time scales is equivocal. Marine bivalves and brachiopods have overlapping niches such that competition for food and space may occur. Moreover, there is a long‐standing debate over whether bivalves outcompeted brachiopods evolutionarily, because brachiopod diversity declined through time while bivalve diversity increased. To answer this question, we estimate the origination and extinction dynamics of fossil marine bivalve and brachiopod genera from the Ordovician through to the Recent while simultaneously accounting for incomplete sampling. Then, using stochastic differential equations, we assess statistical relationships among diversification and sampling dynamics of brachiopods and bivalves and five paleoenvironmental proxies. None of these potential environmental drivers had any detectable influence on brachiopod or bivalve diversification. In contrast, elevated bivalve extinction rates causally increased brachiopod origination rates, suggesting that bivalves have suppressed brachiopod evolution.
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However, whether the consequences of competition are manifested and measureable on macroevolutionary time scales is equivocal. Marine bivalves and brachiopods have overlapping niches such that competition for food and space may occur. Moreover, there is a long‐standing debate over whether bivalves outcompeted brachiopods evolutionarily, because brachiopod diversity declined through time while bivalve diversity increased. To answer this question, we estimate the origination and extinction dynamics of fossil marine bivalve and brachiopod genera from the Ordovician through to the Recent while simultaneously accounting for incomplete sampling. Then, using stochastic differential equations, we assess statistical relationships among diversification and sampling dynamics of brachiopods and bivalves and five paleoenvironmental proxies. None of these potential environmental drivers had any detectable influence on brachiopod or bivalve diversification. 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subjects Animals
Biodiversity
Biological Evolution
Bivalvia
Bivalvia - classification
Bivalvia - genetics
Capture-recapture
clams
Competition
Ecology
equations
Evolution
extinction
Extinction, Biological
fossil
Fossils
geochemical proxy
Invertebrates - classification
Invertebrates - genetics
Mollusks
niches
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model
Paleontology
Phanerozoic
Red Queen
sea level
stochastic differential equations (SDEs)
Stochastic Processes
time series
title Ecological interactions on macroevolutionary time scales: clams and brachiopods are more than ships that pass in the night
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