Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study
Background: Probiotics can modulate the immune system in healthy individuals and may help reduce symptoms related to respiratory infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei , L. casei 431 (Chr. Hanse...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of clinical nutrition 2015-06, Vol.101 (6), p.1188-1196 |
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| creator | Jespersen, Lillian Tarnow, Inge Eskesen, Dorte Morberg, Cathrine Melsaether Michelsen, Birgit Bügel, Susanne Dragsted, Lars Ove Rijkers, Ger T Calder, Philip C |
| description | Background: Probiotics can modulate the immune system in healthy individuals and may help reduce symptoms related to respiratory infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei , L. casei 431 (Chr. Hansen A/S) (hereafter, L. casei 431) on immune response to influenza vaccination and respiratory symptoms in healthy adults. Design: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1104 healthy subjects aged 18–60 y at 2 centers in Germany and Denmark. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an acidified milk drink containing ≥10 ⁹ colony-forming units of L. casei 431 (n = 553) or placebo (n = 551) for 42 d. After 21 d, subjects received the seasonal influenza vaccination. The primary outcome was seroprotection rate (anti-influenza antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition) 21 d after vaccination. Other outcomes were seroconversion rate and mean titers, influenza A–specific antibodies and incidence, and duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms. Antibiotic use and use of health care resources were recorded. Results: There was no effect of L. casei 431 on immune responses to influenza vaccination. Generalized linear mixed modeling showed a shorter duration of upper respiratory symptoms in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 6.4 ± 6.1 vs. 7.3 ± 9.7 d, P = 0.0059) in the last 3 wk of the intervention period. No statistically significant differences were found for incidence or severity. Conclusions: Daily consumption of L. casei 431 resulted in no observable effect on the components of the immune response to influenza vaccination but reduced the duration of upper respiratory symptoms. The trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN08280229. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3945/ajcn.114.103531 |
| format | Article |
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Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei , L. casei 431 (Chr. Hansen A/S) (hereafter, L. casei 431) on immune response to influenza vaccination and respiratory symptoms in healthy adults. Design: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1104 healthy subjects aged 18–60 y at 2 centers in Germany and Denmark. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an acidified milk drink containing ≥10 ⁹ colony-forming units of L. casei 431 (n = 553) or placebo (n = 551) for 42 d. After 21 d, subjects received the seasonal influenza vaccination. The primary outcome was seroprotection rate (anti-influenza antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition) 21 d after vaccination. Other outcomes were seroconversion rate and mean titers, influenza A–specific antibodies and incidence, and duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms. Antibiotic use and use of health care resources were recorded. Results: There was no effect of L. casei 431 on immune responses to influenza vaccination. Generalized linear mixed modeling showed a shorter duration of upper respiratory symptoms in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 6.4 ± 6.1 vs. 7.3 ± 9.7 d, P = 0.0059) in the last 3 wk of the intervention period. No statistically significant differences were found for incidence or severity. Conclusions: Daily consumption of L. casei 431 resulted in no observable effect on the components of the immune response to influenza vaccination but reduced the duration of upper respiratory symptoms. The trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN08280229.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3207</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103531</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25926507</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society for Clinical Nutrition</publisher><subject>acidified milk ; Adolescent ; Adult ; adults ; Animals ; antibiotics ; antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Body Mass Index ; Clinical trials ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Denmark ; Double-Blind Method ; Effects ; Female ; Germany ; Gram-positive bacteria ; health services ; Healthy Volunteers ; hemagglutination ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunization ; Influenza ; Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human - immunology ; Influenza, Human - prevention & control ; Lacticaseibacillus casei ; Lactobacillus paracasei ; Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Milk ; placebos ; probiotics ; Probiotics - administration & dosage ; Respiratory diseases ; Respiratory Tract Infections - immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections - prevention & control ; seroconversion ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccination ; volunteers ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2015-06, Vol.101 (6), p.1188-1196</ispartof><rights>2015 American Society for Nutrition.</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Jun 1, 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-c685a9fd1d7f2a5392c22d3adbfb858b8a273fd7795455d7afb1e5ed14c03be73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-c685a9fd1d7f2a5392c22d3adbfb858b8a273fd7795455d7afb1e5ed14c03be73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926507$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jespersen, Lillian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarnow, Inge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eskesen, Dorte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morberg, Cathrine Melsaether</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michelsen, Birgit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bügel, Susanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dragsted, Lars Ove</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rijkers, Ger T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calder, Philip C</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study</title><title>The American journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Background: Probiotics can modulate the immune system in healthy individuals and may help reduce symptoms related to respiratory infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei , L. casei 431 (Chr. Hansen A/S) (hereafter, L. casei 431) on immune response to influenza vaccination and respiratory symptoms in healthy adults. Design: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1104 healthy subjects aged 18–60 y at 2 centers in Germany and Denmark. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an acidified milk drink containing ≥10 ⁹ colony-forming units of L. casei 431 (n = 553) or placebo (n = 551) for 42 d. After 21 d, subjects received the seasonal influenza vaccination. The primary outcome was seroprotection rate (anti-influenza antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition) 21 d after vaccination. Other outcomes were seroconversion rate and mean titers, influenza A–specific antibodies and incidence, and duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms. Antibiotic use and use of health care resources were recorded. Results: There was no effect of L. casei 431 on immune responses to influenza vaccination. Generalized linear mixed modeling showed a shorter duration of upper respiratory symptoms in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 6.4 ± 6.1 vs. 7.3 ± 9.7 d, P = 0.0059) in the last 3 wk of the intervention period. No statistically significant differences were found for incidence or severity. Conclusions: Daily consumption of L. casei 431 resulted in no observable effect on the components of the immune response to influenza vaccination but reduced the duration of upper respiratory symptoms. The trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN08280229.</description><subject>acidified milk</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>adults</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antibiotics</subject><subject>antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Colony Count, Microbial</subject><subject>Denmark</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Germany</subject><subject>Gram-positive bacteria</subject><subject>health services</subject><subject>Healthy Volunteers</subject><subject>hemagglutination</subject><subject>Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - prevention & control</subject><subject>Lacticaseibacillus casei</subject><subject>Lactobacillus paracasei</subject><subject>Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>placebos</subject><subject>probiotics</subject><subject>Probiotics - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Respiratory Tract Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Respiratory Tract Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>seroconversion</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>volunteers</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0002-9165</issn><issn>1938-3207</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkktv1DAUhSMEosPAmh1YYsOimfoRxwk7VJWHNBIL6Dq6sZ3WI8cOflSa_m_2OEwBiQ3e-F77u8fH0qmqlwTvWN_wCzhItyOk2RHMOCOPqg3pWVczisXjaoMxpnVPWn5WPYvxgDGhTdc-rc4o72nLsdhUP66mScuE_IT2IJMfQRprc0QLBJAQtUExj3HZ_T04R_sdOl01jCDvkJnn7DQKOi7eRY2SR8ZNNmt3D-gOpDQOkikgOIXysujwizUBkg9HlIpwWieKkULFUqJbDTbdHhGobBO68za7pHWI7xCgUGT8bO61OkfK59HqerTGlW6xIPXoa-ldCt7alVh9l8rWN8HnBcWU1fF59WQCG_WLh31bXX-4-nb5qd5_-fj58v2-lk3Xp1q2HYd-UkSJiQJnPZWUKgZqnMaOd2MHVLBJCdHzhnMlYBqJ5lqRRmI2asG21duT7hL896xjGmYTpbYWnPY5DkTgngjaCPx_tHgRnLOyttWbf9CDz8GVj6xU17ZUCFKoixMlg48x6GlYgpkhHAeChzU8wxqeoYRnOIWnTLx60M3jrNUf_ndaCvD6BEzgB7gJJg7XXykmbQlaeZYT9hNlEc8l</recordid><startdate>20150601</startdate><enddate>20150601</enddate><creator>Jespersen, Lillian</creator><creator>Tarnow, Inge</creator><creator>Eskesen, Dorte</creator><creator>Morberg, Cathrine Melsaether</creator><creator>Michelsen, Birgit</creator><creator>Bügel, Susanne</creator><creator>Dragsted, Lars Ove</creator><creator>Rijkers, Ger T</creator><creator>Calder, Philip C</creator><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150601</creationdate><title>Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study</title><author>Jespersen, Lillian ; Tarnow, Inge ; Eskesen, Dorte ; Morberg, Cathrine Melsaether ; Michelsen, Birgit ; Bügel, Susanne ; Dragsted, Lars Ove ; Rijkers, Ger T ; Calder, Philip C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-c685a9fd1d7f2a5392c22d3adbfb858b8a273fd7795455d7afb1e5ed14c03be73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>acidified milk</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>adults</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antibiotics</topic><topic>antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Colony Count, Microbial</topic><topic>Denmark</topic><topic>Double-Blind Method</topic><topic>Effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Germany</topic><topic>Gram-positive bacteria</topic><topic>health services</topic><topic>Healthy Volunteers</topic><topic>hemagglutination</topic><topic>Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - immunology</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - prevention & control</topic><topic>Lacticaseibacillus casei</topic><topic>Lactobacillus paracasei</topic><topic>Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>placebos</topic><topic>probiotics</topic><topic>Probiotics - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Respiratory Tract Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Respiratory Tract Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>seroconversion</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>volunteers</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jespersen, Lillian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarnow, Inge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eskesen, Dorte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morberg, Cathrine Melsaether</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michelsen, Birgit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bügel, Susanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dragsted, Lars Ove</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rijkers, Ger T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calder, Philip C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jespersen, Lillian</au><au>Tarnow, Inge</au><au>Eskesen, Dorte</au><au>Morberg, Cathrine Melsaether</au><au>Michelsen, Birgit</au><au>Bügel, Susanne</au><au>Dragsted, Lars Ove</au><au>Rijkers, Ger T</au><au>Calder, Philip C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2015-06-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>101</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1188</spage><epage>1196</epage><pages>1188-1196</pages><issn>0002-9165</issn><eissn>1938-3207</eissn><abstract>Background: Probiotics can modulate the immune system in healthy individuals and may help reduce symptoms related to respiratory infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei , L. casei 431 (Chr. Hansen A/S) (hereafter, L. casei 431) on immune response to influenza vaccination and respiratory symptoms in healthy adults. Design: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 1104 healthy subjects aged 18–60 y at 2 centers in Germany and Denmark. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive an acidified milk drink containing ≥10 ⁹ colony-forming units of L. casei 431 (n = 553) or placebo (n = 551) for 42 d. After 21 d, subjects received the seasonal influenza vaccination. The primary outcome was seroprotection rate (anti-influenza antibody titers by hemagglutination inhibition) 21 d after vaccination. Other outcomes were seroconversion rate and mean titers, influenza A–specific antibodies and incidence, and duration and severity of upper respiratory symptoms. Antibiotic use and use of health care resources were recorded. Results: There was no effect of L. casei 431 on immune responses to influenza vaccination. Generalized linear mixed modeling showed a shorter duration of upper respiratory symptoms in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 6.4 ± 6.1 vs. 7.3 ± 9.7 d, P = 0.0059) in the last 3 wk of the intervention period. No statistically significant differences were found for incidence or severity. Conclusions: Daily consumption of L. casei 431 resulted in no observable effect on the components of the immune response to influenza vaccination but reduced the duration of upper respiratory symptoms. The trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN08280229.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</pub><pmid>25926507</pmid><doi>10.3945/ajcn.114.103531</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | acidified milk Adolescent Adult adults Animals antibiotics antibodies Antibodies, Viral - blood Body Mass Index Clinical trials Colony Count, Microbial Denmark Double-Blind Method Effects Female Germany Gram-positive bacteria health services Healthy Volunteers hemagglutination Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests Humans Immune system Immunization Influenza Influenza Vaccines - therapeutic use Influenza, Human - immunology Influenza, Human - prevention & control Lacticaseibacillus casei Lactobacillus paracasei Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei Male Middle Aged Milk placebos probiotics Probiotics - administration & dosage Respiratory diseases Respiratory Tract Infections - immunology Respiratory Tract Infections - prevention & control seroconversion Treatment Outcome Vaccination volunteers Young Adult |
| title | Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study |
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