Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Advances in diagnosis and treatment
Summary Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a frequent cause for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with mortality and variable morbidities. It is primarily a state of oxygenation failure representing a failure of the normal postnatal decline in pu...
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description | Summary Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a frequent cause for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with mortality and variable morbidities. It is primarily a state of oxygenation failure representing a failure of the normal postnatal decline in pulmonary vascular resistance that may be associated with right ventricular dysfunction. Enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiologic contributors to this syndrome helps clinicians understand its phenotypic expression and facilitates more focused intensive care decision-making. The approach to treatment should be based on alleviation of the elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance and should include optimization of lung recruitment and judicious use of pulmonary vasodilators. When response to inhaled nitric oxide is suboptimal, the physiologic contributors to impaired oxygenation need further investigation. Targeted neonatal echocardiography provides novel physiologic insights; in particular, it may help assess the adequacy of right ventricular performance, the relative contribution of the fetal shunts and the magnitude of the overall impairment to cardiac output. This information may facilitate therapeutic next steps and whether adjunctive vasodilators or drugs to augment ventricular function are preferable. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological contributors to PPHN, the physiologic constituents of its phenotypic expression, standard approach to therapeutic intervention, and the role of bedside echocardiography in enhancing the decision-making process. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.siny.2015.03.001 |
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It is primarily a state of oxygenation failure representing a failure of the normal postnatal decline in pulmonary vascular resistance that may be associated with right ventricular dysfunction. Enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiologic contributors to this syndrome helps clinicians understand its phenotypic expression and facilitates more focused intensive care decision-making. The approach to treatment should be based on alleviation of the elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance and should include optimization of lung recruitment and judicious use of pulmonary vasodilators. When response to inhaled nitric oxide is suboptimal, the physiologic contributors to impaired oxygenation need further investigation. Targeted neonatal echocardiography provides novel physiologic insights; in particular, it may help assess the adequacy of right ventricular performance, the relative contribution of the fetal shunts and the magnitude of the overall impairment to cardiac output. This information may facilitate therapeutic next steps and whether adjunctive vasodilators or drugs to augment ventricular function are preferable. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological contributors to PPHN, the physiologic constituents of its phenotypic expression, standard approach to therapeutic intervention, and the role of bedside echocardiography in enhancing the decision-making process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1744-165X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-0946</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2015.03.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25843770</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Echocardiography ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnosis ; Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging ; Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary - therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine ; Newborn ; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnosis ; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnostic imaging ; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - physiopathology ; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - therapy ; Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) ; Phenotypic expression ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Vascular Resistance - physiology ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnosis ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - therapy</subject><ispartof>Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine, 2015-08, Vol.20 (4), p.262-271</ispartof><rights>2015</rights><rights>Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c477t-6074b85c0b586bb9f631a03aece0cd3d6d76e20d24d4fad929dce5f32a36d713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c477t-6074b85c0b586bb9f631a03aece0cd3d6d76e20d24d4fad929dce5f32a36d713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2015.03.001$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25843770$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jain, Amish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNamara, Patrick J</creatorcontrib><title>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Advances in diagnosis and treatment</title><title>Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine</title><addtitle>Semin Fetal Neonatal Med</addtitle><description>Summary Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a frequent cause for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with mortality and variable morbidities. It is primarily a state of oxygenation failure representing a failure of the normal postnatal decline in pulmonary vascular resistance that may be associated with right ventricular dysfunction. Enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiologic contributors to this syndrome helps clinicians understand its phenotypic expression and facilitates more focused intensive care decision-making. The approach to treatment should be based on alleviation of the elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance and should include optimization of lung recruitment and judicious use of pulmonary vasodilators. When response to inhaled nitric oxide is suboptimal, the physiologic contributors to impaired oxygenation need further investigation. Targeted neonatal echocardiography provides novel physiologic insights; in particular, it may help assess the adequacy of right ventricular performance, the relative contribution of the fetal shunts and the magnitude of the overall impairment to cardiac output. This information may facilitate therapeutic next steps and whether adjunctive vasodilators or drugs to augment ventricular function are preferable. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological contributors to PPHN, the physiologic constituents of its phenotypic expression, standard approach to therapeutic intervention, and the role of bedside echocardiography in enhancing the decision-making process.</description><subject>Echocardiography</subject><subject>Hemodynamics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnosis</subject><subject>Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology</subject><subject>Hypertension, Pulmonary - therapy</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine</subject><subject>Newborn</subject><subject>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - physiopathology</subject><subject>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - therapy</subject><subject>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)</subject><subject>Phenotypic expression</subject><subject>Point-of-Care Systems</subject><subject>Pulmonary hypertension</subject><subject>Vascular Resistance - physiology</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnosis</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - therapy</subject><issn>1744-165X</issn><issn>1878-0946</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9rFTEUxQdR7B_9Ai4kSzcz3iQzSZ6IUEqtQqGFVnAXMskdm-dM8kxmWt63N8OrLly4uuHmnAP3d6rqDYWGAhXvt032Yd8woF0DvAGgz6pjqqSqYdOK5-Ut27amovt-VJ3kvAXgQil4WR2xTrVcSjiuvt1gyj7PGGayW8YpBpP25H6_w1R22cdA4kDmeyQBH_uYwgdy5h5MsJiJD8R58yPEEkBMcGROaOapRL2qXgxmzPj6aZ5Wd58v7s6_1FfXl1_Pz65q20o51wJk26vOQt8p0febQXBqgBu0CNZxJ5wUyMCx1rWDcRu2cRa7gTPDyxflp9W7Q-wuxV8L5llPPlscRxMwLllTCaKTioEqUnaQ2hRzTjjoXfJTuVVT0CtNvdUrTb3S1MB1oVlMb5_yl35C99fyB18RfDwIsBz54DHpbD0WOM4ntLN20f8__9M_djv64K0Zf-Ie8zYuKRR8murMNOjbtc-1TtpB6VIy_huLDJzY</recordid><startdate>20150801</startdate><enddate>20150801</enddate><creator>Jain, Amish</creator><creator>McNamara, Patrick J</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150801</creationdate><title>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Advances in diagnosis and treatment</title><author>Jain, Amish ; McNamara, Patrick J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c477t-6074b85c0b586bb9f631a03aece0cd3d6d76e20d24d4fad929dce5f32a36d713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Echocardiography</topic><topic>Hemodynamics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnosis</topic><topic>Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology</topic><topic>Hypertension, Pulmonary - therapy</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine</topic><topic>Newborn</topic><topic>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnosis</topic><topic>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - physiopathology</topic><topic>Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - therapy</topic><topic>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)</topic><topic>Phenotypic expression</topic><topic>Point-of-Care Systems</topic><topic>Pulmonary hypertension</topic><topic>Vascular Resistance - physiology</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnosis</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - therapy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jain, Amish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNamara, Patrick J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jain, Amish</au><au>McNamara, Patrick J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Advances in diagnosis and treatment</atitle><jtitle>Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Semin Fetal Neonatal Med</addtitle><date>2015-08-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>262</spage><epage>271</epage><pages>262-271</pages><issn>1744-165X</issn><eissn>1878-0946</eissn><abstract>Summary Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a frequent cause for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with mortality and variable morbidities. It is primarily a state of oxygenation failure representing a failure of the normal postnatal decline in pulmonary vascular resistance that may be associated with right ventricular dysfunction. Enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiologic contributors to this syndrome helps clinicians understand its phenotypic expression and facilitates more focused intensive care decision-making. The approach to treatment should be based on alleviation of the elevation in pulmonary vascular resistance and should include optimization of lung recruitment and judicious use of pulmonary vasodilators. When response to inhaled nitric oxide is suboptimal, the physiologic contributors to impaired oxygenation need further investigation. Targeted neonatal echocardiography provides novel physiologic insights; in particular, it may help assess the adequacy of right ventricular performance, the relative contribution of the fetal shunts and the magnitude of the overall impairment to cardiac output. This information may facilitate therapeutic next steps and whether adjunctive vasodilators or drugs to augment ventricular function are preferable. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathological contributors to PPHN, the physiologic constituents of its phenotypic expression, standard approach to therapeutic intervention, and the role of bedside echocardiography in enhancing the decision-making process.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>25843770</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.siny.2015.03.001</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Echocardiography Hemodynamics Humans Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnosis Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology Hypertension, Pulmonary - therapy Infant, Newborn Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine Newborn Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnosis Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - diagnostic imaging Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - physiopathology Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome - therapy Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) Phenotypic expression Point-of-Care Systems Pulmonary hypertension Vascular Resistance - physiology Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnosis Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - therapy |
title | Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Advances in diagnosis and treatment |
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