Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation Is Superior to Repeat Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus After Failed Primary Arthroscopic Treatment

Background: Several studies have reported on the outcome of arthroscopic treatment or osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), with mixed results. None of these studies has compared the results of repeat arthroscopy and OAT after failed primary arthroscopic treatment. Purpose: To compare the outcomes of OAT and repeat arthroscopy for the treatment of OLT after primary arthroscopy Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 22 patients who underwent OAT (group A) and 22 patients who underwent repeat arthroscopy (group B) after failed treatment of OLT among 399 patients who received primary arthroscopic marrow stimulation at single institution between 2001 and 2009. All patients were evaluated clinically using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle Hindfoot Scale. The cumulative success rates were compared by use of Kaplan-Meier life table analysis. Results: The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and indications for surgery were comparable between the groups. Both groups showed significantly improved (P < .001) VAS and AOFAS scores 6 months after surgery. However, group B showed significant deterioration over a mean follow-up period of 50 months. Overall, 18 of 22 (81.8%) patients in group A and 7 of 22 (31.8%) patients in group B achieved an excellent or good (≥80) AOFAS score (P < .001). No patient in group A and 14 of 22 (63.6%) in group B required further revisions. Conclusion: Osteochondral autologous transplantation was significantly superior to repeat arthroscopic treatment of OLT after a mean follow-up period of 48 months. Therefore, repeat arthroscopy should be used judiciously for the treatment of OLT after failed arthroscopic treatment.