Recent Expansion of Toxoplasma through Enhanced Oral Transmission
The global predominance of three clonal Toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. Genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,00...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2003-01, Vol.299 (5605), p.414-416 |
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| container_title | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
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| creator | Su, C. Evans, D. Cole, R. H. Kissinger, J. C. Ajioka, J. W. Sibley, L. D. |
| description | The global predominance of three clonal Toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. Genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,000 years after a single genetic cross. Comparison with ancient strains (~1 million years) suggests that the success of the clonal lineages resulted from the concurrent acquisition of direct oral infectivity. This key adaptation circumvented sexual recombination, simultaneously promoting transmission through successive hosts, hence leading to clonal expansion. Thus, changes in complex life cycles can occur rapidly and can profoundly influence pathogenicity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.1078035 |
| format | Article |
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H. ; Kissinger, J. C. ; Ajioka, J. W. ; Sibley, L. D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Su, C. ; Evans, D. ; Cole, R. H. ; Kissinger, J. C. ; Ajioka, J. W. ; Sibley, L. D.</creatorcontrib><description>The global predominance of three clonal Toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. Genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,000 years after a single genetic cross. Comparison with ancient strains (~1 million years) suggests that the success of the clonal lineages resulted from the concurrent acquisition of direct oral infectivity. This key adaptation circumvented sexual recombination, simultaneously promoting transmission through successive hosts, hence leading to clonal expansion. Thus, changes in complex life cycles can occur rapidly and can profoundly influence pathogenicity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.1078035</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12532022</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SCIEAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological evolution ; Cats ; Cysts ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics ; Food Parasitology ; Foodborne illnesses ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects and techniques ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic crosses ; Genetic mutation ; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution ; Infections ; Intermediate hosts ; Introns ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mouth ; Mutation ; Parasitism ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protozoa ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Taxa ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasma - genetics ; Toxoplasma - pathogenicity ; Toxoplasma - physiology ; Toxoplasmosis - parasitology ; Toxoplasmosis - transmission ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - transmission ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2003-01, Vol.299 (5605), p.414-416</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c717t-6ed77615c33abc893c7cd322ae9b0cbaed98a1383ec55e31e654e6a45c339f233</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c717t-6ed77615c33abc893c7cd322ae9b0cbaed98a1383ec55e31e654e6a45c339f233</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3833396$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3833396$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,2871,2872,27901,27902,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14484923$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532022$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Su, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cole, R. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kissinger, J. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ajioka, J. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sibley, L. D.</creatorcontrib><title>Recent Expansion of Toxoplasma through Enhanced Oral Transmission</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>The global predominance of three clonal Toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. Genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,000 years after a single genetic cross. Comparison with ancient strains (~1 million years) suggests that the success of the clonal lineages resulted from the concurrent acquisition of direct oral infectivity. This key adaptation circumvented sexual recombination, simultaneously promoting transmission through successive hosts, hence leading to clonal expansion. Thus, changes in complex life cycles can occur rapidly and can profoundly influence pathogenicity.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological evolution</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Cysts</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics</subject><subject>Food Parasitology</subject><subject>Foodborne illnesses</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects and techniques</subject><subject>Genes, Protozoan</subject><subject>Genetic crosses</subject><subject>Genetic mutation</subject><subject>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Intermediate hosts</subject><subject>Introns</subject><subject>Life Cycle Stages</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Mouth</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Parasitism</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Recombination, Genetic</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Selection, Genetic</subject><subject>Taxa</subject><subject>Toxoplasma</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - genetics</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - physiology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - parasitology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - transmission</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Animal - transmission</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>0036-8075</issn><issn>1095-9203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0u-L0zAYB_Agirc7fe0bkSIovrB3-dE2zcs55jwYDnT6NmTp065Hmsykhd1_b-aK58GQkReB5PPk5xehVwRfE0KLm6BbsBquCeYlZvkTNCFY5KmgmD1FE4xZkZaY5xfoMoQ7jOOcYM_RBaE5o5jSCZp-Aw22T-b7nbKhdTZxdbJ2e7czKnQq6bfeDc02mdutihtVycork6x9xF0bDgUv0LNamQAvx_4K_fg8X8--pMvV4nY2XaaaE96nBVScFyTXjKmNLgXTXFeMUgVig_VGQSVKRVjJQOc5MAJFnkGhskOBqCljV-j9cd2dd78GCL2MB9BgjLLghiAJx1mGmYjw7RE2yoBsbe16r_QBy6nghJQ4oxF9PIEasBDv5yzUbRz-l6cneGwVdK0-5T888pH0sO8bNYQgb79_PZuufp5NPy3OpeVi-Z-nGKl2xkADMn7ibPWI3xy59i4ED7Xc-bZT_l4SLA-hlGMo5RjKWPFm_Llh00H14McURvBuBCpoZeqYLt2GB5dlZSb-ROD10d2F3vm_8zE0MSMF-w2MMu6N</recordid><startdate>20030117</startdate><enddate>20030117</enddate><creator>Su, C.</creator><creator>Evans, D.</creator><creator>Cole, R. H.</creator><creator>Kissinger, J. C.</creator><creator>Ajioka, J. W.</creator><creator>Sibley, L. D.</creator><general>American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>IBG</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030117</creationdate><title>Recent Expansion of Toxoplasma through Enhanced Oral Transmission</title><author>Su, C. ; Evans, D. ; Cole, R. H. ; Kissinger, J. C. ; Ajioka, J. W. ; Sibley, L. D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c717t-6ed77615c33abc893c7cd322ae9b0cbaed98a1383ec55e31e654e6a45c339f233</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological evolution</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>Cysts</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics</topic><topic>Food Parasitology</topic><topic>Foodborne illnesses</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects and techniques</topic><topic>Genes, Protozoan</topic><topic>Genetic crosses</topic><topic>Genetic mutation</topic><topic>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Intermediate hosts</topic><topic>Introns</topic><topic>Life Cycle Stages</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Mouth</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Parasitism</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</topic><topic>Protozoa</topic><topic>Recombination, Genetic</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Selection, Genetic</topic><topic>Taxa</topic><topic>Toxoplasma</topic><topic>Toxoplasma - genetics</topic><topic>Toxoplasma - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Toxoplasma - physiology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - parasitology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - transmission</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis, Animal - transmission</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Su, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cole, R. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kissinger, J. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ajioka, J. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sibley, L. D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: High School</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Biography</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Su, C.</au><au>Evans, D.</au><au>Cole, R. H.</au><au>Kissinger, J. C.</au><au>Ajioka, J. W.</au><au>Sibley, L. D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Recent Expansion of Toxoplasma through Enhanced Oral Transmission</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>2003-01-17</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>299</volume><issue>5605</issue><spage>414</spage><epage>416</epage><pages>414-416</pages><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><coden>SCIEAS</coden><abstract>The global predominance of three clonal Toxoplasma gondii lineages suggests that they are endowed with an exceptional trait responsible for their current parasitism of nearly all warm-blooded vertebrates. Genetic polymorphism analyses indicate that these clonal lineages emerged within the last 10,000 years after a single genetic cross. Comparison with ancient strains (~1 million years) suggests that the success of the clonal lineages resulted from the concurrent acquisition of direct oral infectivity. This key adaptation circumvented sexual recombination, simultaneously promoting transmission through successive hosts, hence leading to clonal expansion. Thus, changes in complex life cycles can occur rapidly and can profoundly influence pathogenicity.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Association for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>12532022</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.1078035</doi><tpages>3</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2003-01, Vol.299 (5605), p.414-416 |
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| source | American Association for the Advancement of Science; Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Animals Biological and medical sciences Biological evolution Cats Cysts DNA, Ribosomal - genetics DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics Food Parasitology Foodborne illnesses Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects and techniques Genes, Protozoan Genetic crosses Genetic mutation Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution Infections Intermediate hosts Introns Life Cycle Stages Mice Molecular Sequence Data Mouth Mutation Parasitism Phylogeny Polymorphism, Genetic Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Protozoa Recombination, Genetic Reproduction Selection, Genetic Taxa Toxoplasma Toxoplasma - genetics Toxoplasma - pathogenicity Toxoplasma - physiology Toxoplasmosis - parasitology Toxoplasmosis - transmission Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology Toxoplasmosis, Animal - transmission Virulence |
| title | Recent Expansion of Toxoplasma through Enhanced Oral Transmission |
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