The Effect of Coach Education on Reporting of Concussions Among High School Athletes After Passage of a Concussion Law
Background: Increasing attention has been paid to concussions and especially sports-related concussions in youth. To prevent an inappropriate return to play while symptomatic, nearly all states have now passed legislation on youth sports-related concussions. Purpose: To determine (1) the incidence o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of sports medicine 2014-05, Vol.42 (5), p.1197-1203 |
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| container_title | The American journal of sports medicine |
| container_volume | 42 |
| creator | Rivara, Frederick P. Schiff, Melissa A. Chrisman, Sara P. Chung, Shana K. Ellenbogen, Richard G. Herring, Stanley A. |
| description | Background:
Increasing attention has been paid to concussions and especially sports-related concussions in youth. To prevent an inappropriate return to play while symptomatic, nearly all states have now passed legislation on youth sports-related concussions.
Purpose:
To determine (1) the incidence of sports-related concussions in high school athletes using a unique system to collect reports on concussions, (2) the proportion of athletes with concussions who play with concussive symptoms, and (3) the effect of the type and modality of coach education on the likelihood of athletes reporting symptoms to the coach or playing with concussive symptoms.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
This study was conducted with high school football and girls’ soccer athletes playing in fall 2012 and their coaches and parents in 20 urban or rural high schools in Washington State. The main outcome was the incidence of concussions per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), the proportion of concussed athletes who played with concussive symptoms, and the association of coach concussion education with coach awareness of athletes with concussive symptoms.
Results:
Among the 778 athletes, the rate of concussions was 3.6 per 1000 AEs and was identical for the 2 sports studied. The cumulative concussion incidence over the course of the season was similar in girls’ soccer (11.1%) and football (10.4%). Sixty-nine percent of concussed athletes reported playing with symptoms, and 40% reported that their coach was not aware of their concussion. Most measures of coach concussion education were not associated with coach awareness of concussions in their athletes, although the modalities of a video and quiz were associated with a lower likelihood of coach awareness.
Conclusion:
More objective and accurate methods are needed to identify concussions. Changes in athlete attitudes on reporting concussive symptoms will likely not be accomplished through legislation alone. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0363546514521774 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1701492593</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_0363546514521774</sage_id><sourcerecordid>3302784911</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-a14eca210097b2f657c71c58e033681eb8093b6d4883009dc11dd97b07c1859a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkd1LwzAUxYMobk7ffZKAL75U8532cYzphIGi87mkabp2tM1sWsX_3tROGYIIgZCc3zmXey8A5xhdYyzlDaKCciY4Zpz4NzsAY8w5CSgV_BCMezno9RE4cW6DEMJShMdgRBgXkURsDN5WuYHzLDO6hTaDM6t0Dudpp1Vb2Br682S2tmmLej3ote6c85KD08r6z0WxzuGzzq0t4bTNS9MaL2WtaeCjck6tTe9Te064VO-n4ChTpTNnu3sCXm7nq9kiWD7c3c-my0DTKGwDhZnRimCEIpmQTHCpJdY8NMh3GGKThCiiiUhZGFLPpBrjNPUokhqHPFJ0Aq6G3G1jXzvj2rgqnDZlqWpjOxdjiTCLCI_o_6gfMSVccObRy1_oxnZN7RvpKUY4R1-BaKB0Y51rTBZvm6JSzUeMUdyvL_69Pm-52AV3SWXSH8P3vjwQDEA_2L2qfwV-As8mnxQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1524255093</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Effect of Coach Education on Reporting of Concussions Among High School Athletes After Passage of a Concussion Law</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Complete</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Rivara, Frederick P. ; Schiff, Melissa A. ; Chrisman, Sara P. ; Chung, Shana K. ; Ellenbogen, Richard G. ; Herring, Stanley A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Rivara, Frederick P. ; Schiff, Melissa A. ; Chrisman, Sara P. ; Chung, Shana K. ; Ellenbogen, Richard G. ; Herring, Stanley A.</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
Increasing attention has been paid to concussions and especially sports-related concussions in youth. To prevent an inappropriate return to play while symptomatic, nearly all states have now passed legislation on youth sports-related concussions.
Purpose:
To determine (1) the incidence of sports-related concussions in high school athletes using a unique system to collect reports on concussions, (2) the proportion of athletes with concussions who play with concussive symptoms, and (3) the effect of the type and modality of coach education on the likelihood of athletes reporting symptoms to the coach or playing with concussive symptoms.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
This study was conducted with high school football and girls’ soccer athletes playing in fall 2012 and their coaches and parents in 20 urban or rural high schools in Washington State. The main outcome was the incidence of concussions per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), the proportion of concussed athletes who played with concussive symptoms, and the association of coach concussion education with coach awareness of athletes with concussive symptoms.
Results:
Among the 778 athletes, the rate of concussions was 3.6 per 1000 AEs and was identical for the 2 sports studied. The cumulative concussion incidence over the course of the season was similar in girls’ soccer (11.1%) and football (10.4%). Sixty-nine percent of concussed athletes reported playing with symptoms, and 40% reported that their coach was not aware of their concussion. Most measures of coach concussion education were not associated with coach awareness of concussions in their athletes, although the modalities of a video and quiz were associated with a lower likelihood of coach awareness.
Conclusion:
More objective and accurate methods are needed to identify concussions. Changes in athlete attitudes on reporting concussive symptoms will likely not be accomplished through legislation alone.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-5465</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-3365</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0363546514521774</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24569704</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJSMDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletes ; Athletes - statistics & numerical data ; Athletic Injuries - epidemiology ; Brain Concussion - epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Effects ; Faculty - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Football - injuries ; Football - statistics & numerical data ; Head injuries ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Incidence ; Legislation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population ; Secondary school students ; Self Report ; Soccer - injuries ; Soccer - statistics & numerical data ; Sports injuries ; Sports medicine ; Sports Medicine - education ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Washington - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The American journal of sports medicine, 2014-05, Vol.42 (5), p.1197-1203</ispartof><rights>2014 The Author(s)</rights><rights>Copyright Sage Publications Ltd. May 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-a14eca210097b2f657c71c58e033681eb8093b6d4883009dc11dd97b07c1859a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-a14eca210097b2f657c71c58e033681eb8093b6d4883009dc11dd97b07c1859a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0363546514521774$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0363546514521774$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21799,27903,27904,43600,43601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24569704$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rivara, Frederick P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiff, Melissa A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chrisman, Sara P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Shana K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellenbogen, Richard G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herring, Stanley A.</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Coach Education on Reporting of Concussions Among High School Athletes After Passage of a Concussion Law</title><title>The American journal of sports medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><description>Background:
Increasing attention has been paid to concussions and especially sports-related concussions in youth. To prevent an inappropriate return to play while symptomatic, nearly all states have now passed legislation on youth sports-related concussions.
Purpose:
To determine (1) the incidence of sports-related concussions in high school athletes using a unique system to collect reports on concussions, (2) the proportion of athletes with concussions who play with concussive symptoms, and (3) the effect of the type and modality of coach education on the likelihood of athletes reporting symptoms to the coach or playing with concussive symptoms.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
This study was conducted with high school football and girls’ soccer athletes playing in fall 2012 and their coaches and parents in 20 urban or rural high schools in Washington State. The main outcome was the incidence of concussions per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), the proportion of concussed athletes who played with concussive symptoms, and the association of coach concussion education with coach awareness of athletes with concussive symptoms.
Results:
Among the 778 athletes, the rate of concussions was 3.6 per 1000 AEs and was identical for the 2 sports studied. The cumulative concussion incidence over the course of the season was similar in girls’ soccer (11.1%) and football (10.4%). Sixty-nine percent of concussed athletes reported playing with symptoms, and 40% reported that their coach was not aware of their concussion. Most measures of coach concussion education were not associated with coach awareness of concussions in their athletes, although the modalities of a video and quiz were associated with a lower likelihood of coach awareness.
Conclusion:
More objective and accurate methods are needed to identify concussions. Changes in athlete attitudes on reporting concussive symptoms will likely not be accomplished through legislation alone.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletes - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Brain Concussion - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Effects</subject><subject>Faculty - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Football - injuries</subject><subject>Football - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Head injuries</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Legislation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Secondary school students</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Soccer - injuries</subject><subject>Soccer - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>Sports Medicine - education</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><subject>Washington - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0363-5465</issn><issn>1552-3365</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkd1LwzAUxYMobk7ffZKAL75U8532cYzphIGi87mkabp2tM1sWsX_3tROGYIIgZCc3zmXey8A5xhdYyzlDaKCciY4Zpz4NzsAY8w5CSgV_BCMezno9RE4cW6DEMJShMdgRBgXkURsDN5WuYHzLDO6hTaDM6t0Dudpp1Vb2Br682S2tmmLej3ote6c85KD08r6z0WxzuGzzq0t4bTNS9MaL2WtaeCjck6tTe9Te064VO-n4ChTpTNnu3sCXm7nq9kiWD7c3c-my0DTKGwDhZnRimCEIpmQTHCpJdY8NMh3GGKThCiiiUhZGFLPpBrjNPUokhqHPFJ0Aq6G3G1jXzvj2rgqnDZlqWpjOxdjiTCLCI_o_6gfMSVccObRy1_oxnZN7RvpKUY4R1-BaKB0Y51rTBZvm6JSzUeMUdyvL_69Pm-52AV3SWXSH8P3vjwQDEA_2L2qfwV-As8mnxQ</recordid><startdate>20140501</startdate><enddate>20140501</enddate><creator>Rivara, Frederick P.</creator><creator>Schiff, Melissa A.</creator><creator>Chrisman, Sara P.</creator><creator>Chung, Shana K.</creator><creator>Ellenbogen, Richard G.</creator><creator>Herring, Stanley A.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140501</creationdate><title>The Effect of Coach Education on Reporting of Concussions Among High School Athletes After Passage of a Concussion Law</title><author>Rivara, Frederick P. ; Schiff, Melissa A. ; Chrisman, Sara P. ; Chung, Shana K. ; Ellenbogen, Richard G. ; Herring, Stanley A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-a14eca210097b2f657c71c58e033681eb8093b6d4883009dc11dd97b07c1859a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletes - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Brain Concussion - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Effects</topic><topic>Faculty - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Football - injuries</topic><topic>Football - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Head injuries</topic><topic>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Legislation</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Rural Population</topic><topic>Secondary school students</topic><topic>Self Report</topic><topic>Soccer - injuries</topic><topic>Soccer - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><topic>Sports Medicine - education</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Urban Population</topic><topic>Washington - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rivara, Frederick P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiff, Melissa A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chrisman, Sara P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Shana K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ellenbogen, Richard G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herring, Stanley A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rivara, Frederick P.</au><au>Schiff, Melissa A.</au><au>Chrisman, Sara P.</au><au>Chung, Shana K.</au><au>Ellenbogen, Richard G.</au><au>Herring, Stanley A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effect of Coach Education on Reporting of Concussions Among High School Athletes After Passage of a Concussion Law</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><date>2014-05-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1197</spage><epage>1203</epage><pages>1197-1203</pages><issn>0363-5465</issn><eissn>1552-3365</eissn><coden>AJSMDO</coden><abstract>Background:
Increasing attention has been paid to concussions and especially sports-related concussions in youth. To prevent an inappropriate return to play while symptomatic, nearly all states have now passed legislation on youth sports-related concussions.
Purpose:
To determine (1) the incidence of sports-related concussions in high school athletes using a unique system to collect reports on concussions, (2) the proportion of athletes with concussions who play with concussive symptoms, and (3) the effect of the type and modality of coach education on the likelihood of athletes reporting symptoms to the coach or playing with concussive symptoms.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods:
This study was conducted with high school football and girls’ soccer athletes playing in fall 2012 and their coaches and parents in 20 urban or rural high schools in Washington State. The main outcome was the incidence of concussions per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), the proportion of concussed athletes who played with concussive symptoms, and the association of coach concussion education with coach awareness of athletes with concussive symptoms.
Results:
Among the 778 athletes, the rate of concussions was 3.6 per 1000 AEs and was identical for the 2 sports studied. The cumulative concussion incidence over the course of the season was similar in girls’ soccer (11.1%) and football (10.4%). Sixty-nine percent of concussed athletes reported playing with symptoms, and 40% reported that their coach was not aware of their concussion. Most measures of coach concussion education were not associated with coach awareness of concussions in their athletes, although the modalities of a video and quiz were associated with a lower likelihood of coach awareness.
Conclusion:
More objective and accurate methods are needed to identify concussions. Changes in athlete attitudes on reporting concussive symptoms will likely not be accomplished through legislation alone.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>24569704</pmid><doi>10.1177/0363546514521774</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0363-5465 |
| ispartof | The American journal of sports medicine, 2014-05, Vol.42 (5), p.1197-1203 |
| issn | 0363-5465 1552-3365 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SAGE Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Athletes Athletes - statistics & numerical data Athletic Injuries - epidemiology Brain Concussion - epidemiology Cohort Studies Effects Faculty - statistics & numerical data Female Football - injuries Football - statistics & numerical data Head injuries Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Incidence Legislation Male Middle Aged Rural Population Secondary school students Self Report Soccer - injuries Soccer - statistics & numerical data Sports injuries Sports medicine Sports Medicine - education Surveys and Questionnaires Urban Population Washington - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | The Effect of Coach Education on Reporting of Concussions Among High School Athletes After Passage of a Concussion Law |
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