The effect of reactive school closure on community influenza-like illness counts in the state of Michigan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic
In sum, 559 Michigan schools were closed as a nonpharmaceutical intervention during the influenza A 2009 (H1N1) pandemic. By linking the proportion of schools closed within a district to state influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, we measured its effect on community levels of ILI. This ana...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical infectious diseases 2015-06, Vol.60 (12), p.e90-e97 |
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| creator | Davis, Brian M Markel, Howard Navarro, Alex Wells, Eden Monto, Arnold S Aiello, Allison E |
| description | In sum, 559 Michigan schools were closed as a nonpharmaceutical intervention during the influenza A 2009 (H1N1) pandemic.
By linking the proportion of schools closed within a district to state influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, we measured its effect on community levels of ILI. This analysis was centered by the peak week of ILI for each school district, and a negative binomial model compared three levels of school closure: 0%, 1%-50%, and 51%-100% of schools closed from three weeks leading up to ILI peak to four weeks following ILI peak rate.
We observed that school closures were reactive, and there was no statistically significant difference between ILI rates over the study period. There was an elevated rate ratio for ILI at 51%-100% closure, and a reduction in the rate ratio at the 1%-50% compared to the 0% closure level.
These findings suggest that district level reactive school closures were ineffective. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cid/civ182 |
| format | Article |
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By linking the proportion of schools closed within a district to state influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, we measured its effect on community levels of ILI. This analysis was centered by the peak week of ILI for each school district, and a negative binomial model compared three levels of school closure: 0%, 1%-50%, and 51%-100% of schools closed from three weeks leading up to ILI peak to four weeks following ILI peak rate.
We observed that school closures were reactive, and there was no statistically significant difference between ILI rates over the study period. There was an elevated rate ratio for ILI at 51%-100% closure, and a reduction in the rate ratio at the 1%-50% compared to the 0% closure level.
These findings suggest that district level reactive school closures were ineffective.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1058-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ182</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25896795</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human - epidemiology ; Influenza, Human - prevention & control ; Michigan - epidemiology ; Pandemics ; School closures ; Schools ; Swine flu</subject><ispartof>Clinical infectious diseases, 2015-06, Vol.60 (12), p.e90-e97</ispartof><rights>The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press, UK Jun 15, 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-948b4c6d7362d6c4825bc4221d8b5231096eac01400d19d07c7b07ae0c4b9def3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-948b4c6d7362d6c4825bc4221d8b5231096eac01400d19d07c7b07ae0c4b9def3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25896795$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Davis, Brian M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markel, Howard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navarro, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wells, Eden</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monto, Arnold S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aiello, Allison E</creatorcontrib><title>The effect of reactive school closure on community influenza-like illness counts in the state of Michigan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic</title><title>Clinical infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><description>In sum, 559 Michigan schools were closed as a nonpharmaceutical intervention during the influenza A 2009 (H1N1) pandemic.
By linking the proportion of schools closed within a district to state influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, we measured its effect on community levels of ILI. This analysis was centered by the peak week of ILI for each school district, and a negative binomial model compared three levels of school closure: 0%, 1%-50%, and 51%-100% of schools closed from three weeks leading up to ILI peak to four weeks following ILI peak rate.
We observed that school closures were reactive, and there was no statistically significant difference between ILI rates over the study period. There was an elevated rate ratio for ILI at 51%-100% closure, and a reduction in the rate ratio at the 1%-50% compared to the 0% closure level.
These findings suggest that district level reactive school closures were ineffective.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - prevention & control</subject><subject>Michigan - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>School closures</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Swine flu</subject><issn>1058-4838</issn><issn>1537-6591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1u1TAQhS0Eoj-w4QGQJTYIKcWO7cReoqpQpBY2ZR059qTXxbEv_qlUXqCvXd_ewoINi9GMNN8c6cxB6A0lJ5Qo9tE42-qWyv4ZOqSCjd0gFH3eZiJkxyWTB-go5xtCKJVEvEQHvZBqGJU4RPdXG8CwLGAKjgtOoE1xt4Cz2cTosfEx1wQ4Bmziutbgyh12YfEVwm_defcTsPM-QM4NqKHktsWlaeaiC-wkL53ZuGsdsK3JhevHZU-Iwuf0G8VbHSyszrxCLxbtM7x-6sfox-ezq9Pz7uL7l6-nny46wyQvneJy5mawIxt6OxguezEb3vfUyln0rL1jaA4I5YRYqiwZzTiTUQMxfFYWFnaM3u91tyn-qpDLtLpswHsdINY80bEdS9VL9n90kEyMgosd-u4f9CbWFJqRHTVwLokcG_VhT5kUc06wTNvkVp3uJkqmXZJTS3LaJ9ngt0-SdV7B_kX_RMceAIfbmWM</recordid><startdate>20150615</startdate><enddate>20150615</enddate><creator>Davis, Brian M</creator><creator>Markel, Howard</creator><creator>Navarro, Alex</creator><creator>Wells, Eden</creator><creator>Monto, Arnold S</creator><creator>Aiello, Allison E</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U2</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150615</creationdate><title>The effect of reactive school closure on community influenza-like illness counts in the state of Michigan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic</title><author>Davis, Brian M ; Markel, Howard ; Navarro, Alex ; Wells, Eden ; Monto, Arnold S ; Aiello, Allison E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-948b4c6d7362d6c4825bc4221d8b5231096eac01400d19d07c7b07ae0c4b9def3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - prevention & control</topic><topic>Michigan - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>School closures</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Swine flu</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Davis, Brian M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Markel, Howard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navarro, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wells, Eden</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monto, Arnold S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aiello, Allison E</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Davis, Brian M</au><au>Markel, Howard</au><au>Navarro, Alex</au><au>Wells, Eden</au><au>Monto, Arnold S</au><au>Aiello, Allison E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of reactive school closure on community influenza-like illness counts in the state of Michigan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic</atitle><jtitle>Clinical infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2015-06-15</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>60</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>e90</spage><epage>e97</epage><pages>e90-e97</pages><issn>1058-4838</issn><eissn>1537-6591</eissn><abstract>In sum, 559 Michigan schools were closed as a nonpharmaceutical intervention during the influenza A 2009 (H1N1) pandemic.
By linking the proportion of schools closed within a district to state influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, we measured its effect on community levels of ILI. This analysis was centered by the peak week of ILI for each school district, and a negative binomial model compared three levels of school closure: 0%, 1%-50%, and 51%-100% of schools closed from three weeks leading up to ILI peak to four weeks following ILI peak rate.
We observed that school closures were reactive, and there was no statistically significant difference between ILI rates over the study period. There was an elevated rate ratio for ILI at 51%-100% closure, and a reduction in the rate ratio at the 1%-50% compared to the 0% closure level.
These findings suggest that district level reactive school closures were ineffective.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>25896795</pmid><doi>10.1093/cid/civ182</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Jstor Complete Legacy; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data Humans Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - prevention & control Michigan - epidemiology Pandemics School closures Schools Swine flu |
| title | The effect of reactive school closure on community influenza-like illness counts in the state of Michigan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic |
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