The adverse effects of nitrates on stone monuments
The adverse effects of nitrates on Pentelic marble and other calcareous stones have been investigated in the field and the laboratory. The concentrations of photochemically formed nitrates in the atmosphere of central Athens were measured over a period of 1 year and were found to be as high as in ot...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science of the total environment 1995-01, Vol.171 (1), p.173-182 |
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| creator | Sikiotis, Denis Kirkitsos, Philip |
| description | The adverse effects of nitrates on Pentelic marble and other calcareous stones have been investigated in the field and the laboratory. The concentrations of photochemically formed nitrates in the atmosphere of central Athens were measured over a period of 1 year and were found to be as high as in other polluted cities. The surface density of nitrates on the Parthenon at the end of the dry season was found to be 6.9 μg cm
−2. The extent of corrosion of Pentelic marble by the dry deposition of nitrates and sulphates on the Acropolis hill were compared with the aid of a specially designed reactor. It was found that they were of the same order of magnitude. A modified version of this reactor was used to compare the corrosive action of the nitrates and sulphates with that of NO
x and SO
2. Finally, a nitric acid generator was used in the laboratory to investigate the corrosive action of this acid on Pentelic marble. The variables studied were the surface area of stone, concentration of nitric acid, flow rate of the corrosive mixture and relative humidity. It was found that nitric acid, under almost all conditions, is a very corrosive agent for marble stones. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04718-8 |
| format | Article |
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−2. The extent of corrosion of Pentelic marble by the dry deposition of nitrates and sulphates on the Acropolis hill were compared with the aid of a specially designed reactor. It was found that they were of the same order of magnitude. A modified version of this reactor was used to compare the corrosive action of the nitrates and sulphates with that of NO
x and SO
2. Finally, a nitric acid generator was used in the laboratory to investigate the corrosive action of this acid on Pentelic marble. The variables studied were the surface area of stone, concentration of nitric acid, flow rate of the corrosive mixture and relative humidity. It was found that nitric acid, under almost all conditions, is a very corrosive agent for marble stones.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04718-8</identifier><identifier>CODEN: STENDL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Shannon: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Athens ; Atmospheric pollution ; Building failures (cracks, physical changes, etc.) ; Buildings. Public works ; Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance ; Exact sciences and technology ; Greece ; Nitrates ; Nitric acid ; Pentelic marble deterioration ; Photochemical pollutants ; Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution ; Pollution</subject><ispartof>Science of the total environment, 1995-01, Vol.171 (1), p.173-182</ispartof><rights>1995</rights><rights>1995 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a387t-b61707a8e61547eb118b28e0f80c6e0f700c941332410615b2c62d5c44b71df43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a387t-b61707a8e61547eb118b28e0f80c6e0f700c941332410615b2c62d5c44b71df43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969795047188$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,776,780,785,786,3536,23910,23911,25119,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3697898$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Vittozzi, L</contributor><creatorcontrib>Sikiotis, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirkitsos, Philip</creatorcontrib><title>The adverse effects of nitrates on stone monuments</title><title>Science of the total environment</title><description>The adverse effects of nitrates on Pentelic marble and other calcareous stones have been investigated in the field and the laboratory. The concentrations of photochemically formed nitrates in the atmosphere of central Athens were measured over a period of 1 year and were found to be as high as in other polluted cities. The surface density of nitrates on the Parthenon at the end of the dry season was found to be 6.9 μg cm
−2. The extent of corrosion of Pentelic marble by the dry deposition of nitrates and sulphates on the Acropolis hill were compared with the aid of a specially designed reactor. It was found that they were of the same order of magnitude. A modified version of this reactor was used to compare the corrosive action of the nitrates and sulphates with that of NO
x and SO
2. Finally, a nitric acid generator was used in the laboratory to investigate the corrosive action of this acid on Pentelic marble. The variables studied were the surface area of stone, concentration of nitric acid, flow rate of the corrosive mixture and relative humidity. It was found that nitric acid, under almost all conditions, is a very corrosive agent for marble stones.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Athens</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Building failures (cracks, physical changes, etc.)</subject><subject>Buildings. Public works</subject><subject>Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Greece</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitric acid</subject><subject>Pentelic marble deterioration</subject><subject>Photochemical pollutants</subject><subject>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE9LxDAQxYMouK5-Aw89iOihmknTJr0IsvgPFrys55CmE4y06Zp0F_z2pu6yR-cyc_i9N7xHyCXQO6BQ3VPKZV5Xtbipy1vKBchcHpEZSFHnQFl1TGYH5JScxfhF0wgJM8JWn5jpdoshYobWohljNtjMuzHoEdPtszgOHrN-8Jse_RjPyYnVXcSL_Z6Tj-en1eI1X76_vC0el7kupBjzpgJBhZZYQckFNgCyYRKpldRUaQlKTc2hKBgHmpiGmYq1peG8EdBaXszJ9c53HYbvDcZR9S4a7DrtcdhElewpYwUkkO9AE4YYA1q1Dq7X4UcBVVNBakqvpvSqLtVfQUom2dXeX0ejOxu0Ny4etEXCZT1hDzsMU9atw6CicegNti6ktlQ7uP___ALr9neZ</recordid><startdate>19950101</startdate><enddate>19950101</enddate><creator>Sikiotis, Denis</creator><creator>Kirkitsos, Philip</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950101</creationdate><title>The adverse effects of nitrates on stone monuments</title><author>Sikiotis, Denis ; Kirkitsos, Philip</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a387t-b61707a8e61547eb118b28e0f80c6e0f700c941332410615b2c62d5c44b71df43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1995</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Athens</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Building failures (cracks, physical changes, etc.)</topic><topic>Buildings. Public works</topic><topic>Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Greece</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitric acid</topic><topic>Pentelic marble deterioration</topic><topic>Photochemical pollutants</topic><topic>Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sikiotis, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kirkitsos, Philip</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sikiotis, Denis</au><au>Kirkitsos, Philip</au><au>Vittozzi, L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The adverse effects of nitrates on stone monuments</atitle><jtitle>Science of the total environment</jtitle><date>1995-01-01</date><risdate>1995</risdate><volume>171</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>173</spage><epage>182</epage><pages>173-182</pages><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><coden>STENDL</coden><abstract>The adverse effects of nitrates on Pentelic marble and other calcareous stones have been investigated in the field and the laboratory. The concentrations of photochemically formed nitrates in the atmosphere of central Athens were measured over a period of 1 year and were found to be as high as in other polluted cities. The surface density of nitrates on the Parthenon at the end of the dry season was found to be 6.9 μg cm
−2. The extent of corrosion of Pentelic marble by the dry deposition of nitrates and sulphates on the Acropolis hill were compared with the aid of a specially designed reactor. It was found that they were of the same order of magnitude. A modified version of this reactor was used to compare the corrosive action of the nitrates and sulphates with that of NO
x and SO
2. Finally, a nitric acid generator was used in the laboratory to investigate the corrosive action of this acid on Pentelic marble. The variables studied were the surface area of stone, concentration of nitric acid, flow rate of the corrosive mixture and relative humidity. It was found that nitric acid, under almost all conditions, is a very corrosive agent for marble stones.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/0048-9697(95)04718-8</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0048-9697 |
| ispartof | Science of the total environment, 1995-01, Vol.171 (1), p.173-182 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Applied sciences Athens Atmospheric pollution Building failures (cracks, physical changes, etc.) Buildings. Public works Durability. Pathology. Repairing. Maintenance Exact sciences and technology Greece Nitrates Nitric acid Pentelic marble deterioration Photochemical pollutants Pollutants physicochemistry study: properties, effects, reactions, transport and distribution Pollution |
| title | The adverse effects of nitrates on stone monuments |
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