Endoscopic diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma: From endoscopic retrograde cholangiography to bile proteomics

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer. In clinical practice, the diagnosis remains challenging and often requires endoscopic approaches. Endoscopic retrograde and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography are the first-line endoscopic procedures for the eva...

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