The head says yes but the heart says no: what is non-cardiac chest pain and how is it managed?

[...]patients with NCCP are often left with chronic symptoms, high levels of psychological distress, 15 16 high unemployment and heavy use of healthcare resources. 17-19 The causation may be complex with an interaction of organic and psychological processes. May last hours after exercise Palpitation with the pain or at other times Irritable bowel (abdominal pain and bloating, flatulence, variable stool consistency, urgency) Headaches, fatigue, 'muzzy' head, difficulty concentrating Cannot take a satisfying breath Sighing thoracic respiratory pattern, frequent throat clearing Breath-holding time reduced to