Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut
purpose: To report on the deployment of the syringe tracking and testing system in the New Haven needle exchange program, which is the first federally funded evaluation of a needle exchange program conducted in the United States. patients and methods: A legal needle exchange for intravenous drug use...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of medicine 1993-08, Vol.95 (2), p.214-220 |
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| container_title | The American journal of medicine |
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| creator | Heimer, Robert Kaplan, Edward H. Khoshnood, Kaveh Jariwala, Bini Cadman, Edwin C. |
| description | purpose: To report on the deployment of the syringe tracking and testing system in the New Haven needle exchange program, which is the first federally funded evaluation of a needle exchange program conducted in the United States.
patients and methods: A legal needle exchange for intravenous drug users began in New Haven, Connecticut, in November 1990. All syringes distributed by the program received unique tracking codes. Syringes were tracked and HIV-1 proviral DNA prevalence in returned syringes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting.
results: At the outset of the program, the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in syringes exceeded two thirds. Prevalence decreased rapidly to less than 45% during the first 3 months of the program and remained at this level for the following 10 months. During the periods of decreasing prevalence and subsequent steady state, no changes in the demographics of program participants or in the drug use habits of newly enrolling clients that could account for the decrease in HIV-1 prevalence in needles were detected. In addition, the program referred almost 20% of its clients to drug treatment programs.
conclusion: The needle exchange program in New Haven has decreased the percentage of syringes testing positive for HIV-1 proviral DNA among needle exchange clients while simultaneously serving as an entry point for drug treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-O |
| format | Article |
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patients and methods: A legal needle exchange for intravenous drug users began in New Haven, Connecticut, in November 1990. All syringes distributed by the program received unique tracking codes. Syringes were tracked and HIV-1 proviral DNA prevalence in returned syringes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting.
results: At the outset of the program, the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in syringes exceeded two thirds. Prevalence decreased rapidly to less than 45% during the first 3 months of the program and remained at this level for the following 10 months. During the periods of decreasing prevalence and subsequent steady state, no changes in the demographics of program participants or in the drug use habits of newly enrolling clients that could account for the decrease in HIV-1 prevalence in needles were detected. In addition, the program referred almost 20% of its clients to drug treatment programs.
conclusion: The needle exchange program in New Haven has decreased the percentage of syringes testing positive for HIV-1 proviral DNA among needle exchange clients while simultaneously serving as an entry point for drug treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9343</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1555-7162</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-O</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8356986</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJMEAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Analysis of Variance ; Connecticut - epidemiology ; DNA, Viral - analysis ; Drug addiction ; HIV ; HIV Infections - complications ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - microbiology ; HIV Infections - prevention & control ; HIV-1 - genetics ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; Humans ; Medical research ; Medical supplies ; Needles - supply & distribution ; Prevalence ; Program Development ; Public Health Administration ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - complications ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - microbiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control ; Syringes - supply & distribution</subject><ispartof>The American journal of medicine, 1993-08, Vol.95 (2), p.214-220</ispartof><rights>1993</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Aug 1993</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d74e6ee4e44d72246ea69dcbd52eb2426a979ba3438c96e2bda3e42ba05ad2c33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d74e6ee4e44d72246ea69dcbd52eb2426a979ba3438c96e2bda3e42ba05ad2c33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000293439390263O$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356986$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Heimer, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaplan, Edward H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khoshnood, Kaveh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jariwala, Bini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadman, Edwin C.</creatorcontrib><title>Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut</title><title>The American journal of medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Med</addtitle><description>purpose: To report on the deployment of the syringe tracking and testing system in the New Haven needle exchange program, which is the first federally funded evaluation of a needle exchange program conducted in the United States.
patients and methods: A legal needle exchange for intravenous drug users began in New Haven, Connecticut, in November 1990. All syringes distributed by the program received unique tracking codes. Syringes were tracked and HIV-1 proviral DNA prevalence in returned syringes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting.
results: At the outset of the program, the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in syringes exceeded two thirds. Prevalence decreased rapidly to less than 45% during the first 3 months of the program and remained at this level for the following 10 months. During the periods of decreasing prevalence and subsequent steady state, no changes in the demographics of program participants or in the drug use habits of newly enrolling clients that could account for the decrease in HIV-1 prevalence in needles were detected. In addition, the program referred almost 20% of its clients to drug treatment programs.
conclusion: The needle exchange program in New Haven has decreased the percentage of syringes testing positive for HIV-1 proviral DNA among needle exchange clients while simultaneously serving as an entry point for drug treatment.</description><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Connecticut - epidemiology</subject><subject>DNA, Viral - analysis</subject><subject>Drug addiction</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - complications</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>HIV-1 - genetics</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>human immunodeficiency virus 1</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical supplies</subject><subject>Needles - supply & distribution</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Program Development</subject><subject>Public Health Administration</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - complications</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - microbiology</subject><subject>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control</subject><subject>Syringes - supply & distribution</subject><issn>0002-9343</issn><issn>1555-7162</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1993</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1PGzEQhq0KBCntPwDJ4oCKxFJ_J74gRelHkFByaXu1vPaEONrsBns3kH9fbxPl0AMXW5555_XMMwhdUnJPCVVfCSGs0FzwL5rfasIUL-Yf0IBKKYshVewEDY6Sc_QxpVV-Ei3VGTobcan0SA3QegbgK8Dw5pa2fgbswUWwCRJul4A3Eba2gtoBbhZ4-vinoDnWbEO0Ff42G-NQ4whtF2vwOO1iyBapD87gFU_tFuo7PGnqGlwbXNd-QqcLWyX4fLgv0O8f339NpsXT_OfjZPxUOEFlW_ihAAUgQAg_ZEwosEp7V3rJoGSCKauHurR5rpHTCljpLQfBSkuk9cxxfoFu9r6515cOUmvWITmoKltD0yVDVQ9lpLLw-j_hqsnD5N4M44xLpjnJIrEXudikFGFhNjGsbdwZSky_CtNzNr1lPsy_VZh5Lrs6eHflGvyx6MA-5x_2ecgktgGiSS70qH2ImZfxTXj_g7-GsZfj</recordid><startdate>19930801</startdate><enddate>19930801</enddate><creator>Heimer, Robert</creator><creator>Kaplan, Edward H.</creator><creator>Khoshnood, Kaveh</creator><creator>Jariwala, Bini</creator><creator>Cadman, Edwin C.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Sequoia S.A</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19930801</creationdate><title>Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut</title><author>Heimer, Robert ; Kaplan, Edward H. ; Khoshnood, Kaveh ; Jariwala, Bini ; Cadman, Edwin C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d74e6ee4e44d72246ea69dcbd52eb2426a979ba3438c96e2bda3e42ba05ad2c33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Connecticut - epidemiology</topic><topic>DNA, Viral - analysis</topic><topic>Drug addiction</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - complications</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>HIV-1 - genetics</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>human immunodeficiency virus 1</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical supplies</topic><topic>Needles - supply & distribution</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Program Development</topic><topic>Public Health Administration</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - complications</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - microbiology</topic><topic>Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control</topic><topic>Syringes - supply & distribution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Heimer, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaplan, Edward H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khoshnood, Kaveh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jariwala, Bini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cadman, Edwin C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>The American journal of medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Heimer, Robert</au><au>Kaplan, Edward H.</au><au>Khoshnood, Kaveh</au><au>Jariwala, Bini</au><au>Cadman, Edwin C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Med</addtitle><date>1993-08-01</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>95</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>214</spage><epage>220</epage><pages>214-220</pages><issn>0002-9343</issn><eissn>1555-7162</eissn><coden>AJMEAZ</coden><abstract>purpose: To report on the deployment of the syringe tracking and testing system in the New Haven needle exchange program, which is the first federally funded evaluation of a needle exchange program conducted in the United States.
patients and methods: A legal needle exchange for intravenous drug users began in New Haven, Connecticut, in November 1990. All syringes distributed by the program received unique tracking codes. Syringes were tracked and HIV-1 proviral DNA prevalence in returned syringes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting.
results: At the outset of the program, the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in syringes exceeded two thirds. Prevalence decreased rapidly to less than 45% during the first 3 months of the program and remained at this level for the following 10 months. During the periods of decreasing prevalence and subsequent steady state, no changes in the demographics of program participants or in the drug use habits of newly enrolling clients that could account for the decrease in HIV-1 prevalence in needles were detected. In addition, the program referred almost 20% of its clients to drug treatment programs.
conclusion: The needle exchange program in New Haven has decreased the percentage of syringes testing positive for HIV-1 proviral DNA among needle exchange clients while simultaneously serving as an entry point for drug treatment.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>8356986</pmid><doi>10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-O</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The American journal of medicine, 1993-08, Vol.95 (2), p.214-220 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Analysis of Variance Connecticut - epidemiology DNA, Viral - analysis Drug addiction HIV HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - microbiology HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV-1 - genetics Human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency virus 1 Humans Medical research Medical supplies Needles - supply & distribution Prevalence Program Development Public Health Administration Substance Abuse, Intravenous - complications Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology Substance Abuse, Intravenous - microbiology Substance Abuse, Intravenous - prevention & control Syringes - supply & distribution |
| title | Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut |
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