Microstructural and electrical properties of varistors prepared from coated ZnO nanopowders
This paper describes a solution-based technique for fabrication of varistor grade composite nanopowders. The method consists of coating major varistor dopants on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles. As a result, a homogenous mixture of dopants and ZnO nanoparticles will be achieved. TEM results ind...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics 2010-06, Vol.21 (6), p.571-577 |
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| container_title | Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics |
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| creator | Shojaee, Seyyed Ali Maleki Shahraki, Mohammad Faghihi Sani, Mohammad Ali Nemati, Ali Yousefi, Abbas |
| description | This paper describes a solution-based technique for fabrication of varistor grade composite nanopowders. The method consists of coating major varistor dopants on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles. As a result, a homogenous mixture of dopants and ZnO nanoparticles will be achieved. TEM results indicated that a composite layer of dopants with the average particle size of 9 nm on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles has been successfully prepared. Sintering of the coated powders was performed in temperatures as low as 850 °C and final specimens with average particle size of 900 nm and density of 98.5% were achieved. In comparison to conventional mixing, varistors prepared from coated nanopowders exhibited superior electrical properties and microstructure homogeneity. The improvement of electrical properties can be attributed to small grain size, homogenous distribution of dopants and elimination of large Bi-Pockets. In addition, the processing route of schottky barrier formation is quite different from what is generally considered as the method of barrier formation in ZnO grain boundaries. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10854-009-9959-3 |
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The method consists of coating major varistor dopants on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles. As a result, a homogenous mixture of dopants and ZnO nanoparticles will be achieved. TEM results indicated that a composite layer of dopants with the average particle size of 9 nm on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles has been successfully prepared. Sintering of the coated powders was performed in temperatures as low as 850 °C and final specimens with average particle size of 900 nm and density of 98.5% were achieved. In comparison to conventional mixing, varistors prepared from coated nanopowders exhibited superior electrical properties and microstructure homogeneity. The improvement of electrical properties can be attributed to small grain size, homogenous distribution of dopants and elimination of large Bi-Pockets. In addition, the processing route of schottky barrier formation is quite different from what is generally considered as the method of barrier formation in ZnO grain boundaries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0957-4522</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-482X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10854-009-9959-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer US</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties ; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology ; Dopants ; Electrical properties ; Electronic devices ; Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics ; Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures ; Electronics ; Exact sciences and technology ; Materials Science ; Metals. Metallurgy ; Nanomaterials ; Nanoparticles ; Nanopowders ; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization ; Nanostructure ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Physics ; Production techniques ; Surface double layers, schottky barriers, and work functions ; Surface treatment ; Varistors ; Zinc oxide</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics, 2010-06, Vol.21 (6), p.571-577</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-60f42e0e2961d7a9eba63eee93d7412fef24db03a92d612d3219d06aca940ce63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-60f42e0e2961d7a9eba63eee93d7412fef24db03a92d612d3219d06aca940ce63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10854-009-9959-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10854-009-9959-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22825069$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shojaee, Seyyed Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maleki Shahraki, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faghihi Sani, Mohammad Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nemati, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yousefi, Abbas</creatorcontrib><title>Microstructural and electrical properties of varistors prepared from coated ZnO nanopowders</title><title>Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics</title><addtitle>J Mater Sci: Mater Electron</addtitle><description>This paper describes a solution-based technique for fabrication of varistor grade composite nanopowders. The method consists of coating major varistor dopants on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles. As a result, a homogenous mixture of dopants and ZnO nanoparticles will be achieved. TEM results indicated that a composite layer of dopants with the average particle size of 9 nm on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles has been successfully prepared. Sintering of the coated powders was performed in temperatures as low as 850 °C and final specimens with average particle size of 900 nm and density of 98.5% were achieved. In comparison to conventional mixing, varistors prepared from coated nanopowders exhibited superior electrical properties and microstructure homogeneity. The improvement of electrical properties can be attributed to small grain size, homogenous distribution of dopants and elimination of large Bi-Pockets. In addition, the processing route of schottky barrier formation is quite different from what is generally considered as the method of barrier formation in ZnO grain boundaries.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties</subject><subject>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</subject><subject>Dopants</subject><subject>Electrical properties</subject><subject>Electronic devices</subject><subject>Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics</subject><subject>Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Metals. Metallurgy</subject><subject>Nanomaterials</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanopowders</subject><subject>Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization</subject><subject>Nanostructure</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Production techniques</subject><subject>Surface double layers, schottky barriers, and work functions</subject><subject>Surface treatment</subject><subject>Varistors</subject><subject>Zinc oxide</subject><issn>0957-4522</issn><issn>1573-482X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV9rFTEQxYNY8Nr6AXxbBMGX1cnkz24epVgVKn2pIPoQ0mRWtuzdrJNdpd_eXG9REMSnJJPfHM7MEeKphJcSoHtVJPRGtwCudc64Vj0QO2k61eoePz0UO3Cma7VBfCQel3ILAFarfie-fBgj57LyFteNw9SEOTU0UVx5jPW5cF6I15FKk4fme-CxrJlLrdMSmFIzcN43MYe13j_PV80c5rzkH4m4nImTIUyFntyfp-LjxZvr83ft5dXb9-evL9uopVxbC4NGAkJnZeqCo5tgFRE5lTotcaABdboBFRwmKzEplC6BDTE4DZGsOhUvjrrV7LeNyur3Y4k0TWGmvBUvrUPVaePM_1HslXWdxIPqs7_Q27zxXAfxfSeN1PYXJI_QYYmFafALj_vAd16CPwTjj8H4Gow_BONV7Xl-LxxKXfHAYY5j-d2I2KMB6yqHR67Ur_kr8R8D_xb_CX6nnkQ</recordid><startdate>20100601</startdate><enddate>20100601</enddate><creator>Shojaee, Seyyed Ali</creator><creator>Maleki Shahraki, Mohammad</creator><creator>Faghihi Sani, Mohammad Ali</creator><creator>Nemati, Ali</creator><creator>Yousefi, Abbas</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>S0W</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100601</creationdate><title>Microstructural and electrical properties of varistors prepared from coated ZnO nanopowders</title><author>Shojaee, Seyyed Ali ; Maleki Shahraki, Mohammad ; Faghihi Sani, Mohammad Ali ; Nemati, Ali ; Yousefi, Abbas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-60f42e0e2961d7a9eba63eee93d7412fef24db03a92d612d3219d06aca940ce63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties</topic><topic>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</topic><topic>Dopants</topic><topic>Electrical properties</topic><topic>Electronic devices</topic><topic>Electronic equipment and fabrication. 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Materials in electronics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shojaee, Seyyed Ali</au><au>Maleki Shahraki, Mohammad</au><au>Faghihi Sani, Mohammad Ali</au><au>Nemati, Ali</au><au>Yousefi, Abbas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microstructural and electrical properties of varistors prepared from coated ZnO nanopowders</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials science. Materials in electronics</jtitle><stitle>J Mater Sci: Mater Electron</stitle><date>2010-06-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>571</spage><epage>577</epage><pages>571-577</pages><issn>0957-4522</issn><eissn>1573-482X</eissn><abstract>This paper describes a solution-based technique for fabrication of varistor grade composite nanopowders. The method consists of coating major varistor dopants on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles. As a result, a homogenous mixture of dopants and ZnO nanoparticles will be achieved. TEM results indicated that a composite layer of dopants with the average particle size of 9 nm on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles has been successfully prepared. Sintering of the coated powders was performed in temperatures as low as 850 °C and final specimens with average particle size of 900 nm and density of 98.5% were achieved. In comparison to conventional mixing, varistors prepared from coated nanopowders exhibited superior electrical properties and microstructure homogeneity. The improvement of electrical properties can be attributed to small grain size, homogenous distribution of dopants and elimination of large Bi-Pockets. In addition, the processing route of schottky barrier formation is quite different from what is generally considered as the method of barrier formation in ZnO grain boundaries.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s10854-009-9959-3</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science rheology Dopants Electrical properties Electronic devices Electronic equipment and fabrication. Passive components, printed wiring boards, connectics Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and low-dimensional structures Electronics Exact sciences and technology Materials Science Metals. Metallurgy Nanomaterials Nanoparticles Nanopowders Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization Nanostructure Optical and Electronic Materials Physics Production techniques Surface double layers, schottky barriers, and work functions Surface treatment Varistors Zinc oxide |
| title | Microstructural and electrical properties of varistors prepared from coated ZnO nanopowders |
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