The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Vascular Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background Vascular dysfunction is a precursor to the atherosclerotic cascade, significantly increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Previous studies have revealed a strong relationship between vascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sports medicine (Auckland) 2015-05, Vol.45 (5), p.679-692 |
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| creator | Ramos, Joyce S. Dalleck, Lance C. Tjonna, Arnt Erik Beetham, Kassia S. Coombes, Jeff S. |
| description | Background
Vascular dysfunction is a precursor to the atherosclerotic cascade, significantly increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Previous studies have revealed a strong relationship between vascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Thus, since high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a potent method of improving CRF, several small randomized trials have investigated the impact on vascular function of HIIT relative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).
Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence and quantify the impact on vascular function of HIIT compared with MICT.
Methods
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE) were searched (until May 2014) for randomized trials comparing the effect of at least 2 weeks of HIIT and MICT on vascular function. HIIT protocols involved predominantly aerobic exercise at a high intensity, interspersed with active or passive recovery periods. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the mean difference in the change in vascular function assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) from baseline to post-intervention between HIIT and MICT. The impact of HIIT versus MICT on CRF, traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and biomarkers associated with vascular function (oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance) was also reviewed across included studies.
Results
Seven randomized trials, including 182 patients, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A commonly used HIIT prescription was four intervals of 4 min (4 × 4 HIIT) at 85–95 % of maximum or peak heart rate (HR
max/peak
), interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 60–70 % HR
max/peak
, three times per week for 12–16 weeks. Brachial artery FMD improved by 4.31 and 2.15 % following HIIT and MICT, respectively. This resulted in a significant (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40279-015-0321-z |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1691280979</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3687316611</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-7381a0b775b36eb8b250637ddc947ffc91b84d0eba2d805498dd88b1963a340a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkVFrFDEQx4Mo9lr9AL5IwBdfVmey2U3iWzlse9Ai6NnXJZvNXlN2s2eSrVw_iR_XHFdLEQSfJsz85h-GHyFvED4ggPgYOTChCsCqgJJhcf-MLBBzh0FZPScLQGQF1pwdkeMYbwGgkpy9JEesEgKFrBbk1_rG0tW41SbRqacXbnNTrHyyPrq0o_tXuNMDXQftvPMbem1DnCO9mjobdLJP2OXkk_PzlKeP9OTptY5mHnSgZ7M3yU3-E9X02y4mO-rkDP1q75z9SbXv6JVNujj1ethFF1-RF70eon39UE_I97PP6-VFcfnlfLU8vSwMF5gKUUrU0ApRtWVtW9myCupSdJ1RXPS9UdhK3oFtNeskVFzJrpOyRVWXuuSgyxPy_pC7DdOP2cbUjC4aOwza23xLg7VCJkEJ9R-oqKRgirOMvvsLvZ3mkE_bUxKZgJrLTOGBMmGKMdi-2QY36rBrEJq94eZguMmGm73h5j7vvH1IntvRdo8bf5RmgB2AmEd-Y8OTr_-Z-hsN3LKR</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1681270648</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Vascular Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Ramos, Joyce S. ; Dalleck, Lance C. ; Tjonna, Arnt Erik ; Beetham, Kassia S. ; Coombes, Jeff S.</creator><creatorcontrib>Ramos, Joyce S. ; Dalleck, Lance C. ; Tjonna, Arnt Erik ; Beetham, Kassia S. ; Coombes, Jeff S.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Vascular dysfunction is a precursor to the atherosclerotic cascade, significantly increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Previous studies have revealed a strong relationship between vascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Thus, since high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a potent method of improving CRF, several small randomized trials have investigated the impact on vascular function of HIIT relative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).
Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence and quantify the impact on vascular function of HIIT compared with MICT.
Methods
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE) were searched (until May 2014) for randomized trials comparing the effect of at least 2 weeks of HIIT and MICT on vascular function. HIIT protocols involved predominantly aerobic exercise at a high intensity, interspersed with active or passive recovery periods. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the mean difference in the change in vascular function assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) from baseline to post-intervention between HIIT and MICT. The impact of HIIT versus MICT on CRF, traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and biomarkers associated with vascular function (oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance) was also reviewed across included studies.
Results
Seven randomized trials, including 182 patients, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A commonly used HIIT prescription was four intervals of 4 min (4 × 4 HIIT) at 85–95 % of maximum or peak heart rate (HR
max/peak
), interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 60–70 % HR
max/peak
, three times per week for 12–16 weeks. Brachial artery FMD improved by 4.31 and 2.15 % following HIIT and MICT, respectively. This resulted in a significant (
p
< 0.05) mean difference of 2.26 %. HIIT also had a greater tendency than MICT to induce positive effects on secondary outcome measures, including CRF, traditional CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity.
Conclusion
HIIT is more effective at improving brachial artery vascular function than MICT, perhaps due to its tendency to positively influence CRF, traditional CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. However, the variability in the secondary outcome measures, coupled with the small sample sizes in these studies, limits this finding. Nonetheless, this review suggests that 4 × 4 HIIT, three times per week for at least 12 weeks, is a powerful form of exercise to enhance vascular function.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0112-1642</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1179-2035</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0321-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25771785</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Bioavailability ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Body Fat Distribution ; Brachial Artery - physiology ; C-Reactive Protein - analysis ; Coronary vessels ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance - physiology ; Lipids - blood ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Nitric oxide ; Oxidative Stress - physiology ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; Physical Fitness - physiology ; Regional Blood Flow - physiology ; Resistance Training - methods ; Rodents ; Sports Medicine ; Studies ; Systematic Review ; Transcription Factors - blood</subject><ispartof>Sports medicine (Auckland), 2015-05, Vol.45 (5), p.679-692</ispartof><rights>Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Science & Business Media May 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-7381a0b775b36eb8b250637ddc947ffc91b84d0eba2d805498dd88b1963a340a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-7381a0b775b36eb8b250637ddc947ffc91b84d0eba2d805498dd88b1963a340a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40279-015-0321-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40279-015-0321-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25771785$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ramos, Joyce S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalleck, Lance C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tjonna, Arnt Erik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beetham, Kassia S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coombes, Jeff S.</creatorcontrib><title>The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Vascular Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</title><title>Sports medicine (Auckland)</title><addtitle>Sports Med</addtitle><addtitle>Sports Med</addtitle><description>Background
Vascular dysfunction is a precursor to the atherosclerotic cascade, significantly increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Previous studies have revealed a strong relationship between vascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Thus, since high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a potent method of improving CRF, several small randomized trials have investigated the impact on vascular function of HIIT relative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).
Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence and quantify the impact on vascular function of HIIT compared with MICT.
Methods
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE) were searched (until May 2014) for randomized trials comparing the effect of at least 2 weeks of HIIT and MICT on vascular function. HIIT protocols involved predominantly aerobic exercise at a high intensity, interspersed with active or passive recovery periods. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the mean difference in the change in vascular function assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) from baseline to post-intervention between HIIT and MICT. The impact of HIIT versus MICT on CRF, traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and biomarkers associated with vascular function (oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance) was also reviewed across included studies.
Results
Seven randomized trials, including 182 patients, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A commonly used HIIT prescription was four intervals of 4 min (4 × 4 HIIT) at 85–95 % of maximum or peak heart rate (HR
max/peak
), interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 60–70 % HR
max/peak
, three times per week for 12–16 weeks. Brachial artery FMD improved by 4.31 and 2.15 % following HIIT and MICT, respectively. This resulted in a significant (
p
< 0.05) mean difference of 2.26 %. HIIT also had a greater tendency than MICT to induce positive effects on secondary outcome measures, including CRF, traditional CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity.
Conclusion
HIIT is more effective at improving brachial artery vascular function than MICT, perhaps due to its tendency to positively influence CRF, traditional CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. However, the variability in the secondary outcome measures, coupled with the small sample sizes in these studies, limits this finding. Nonetheless, this review suggests that 4 × 4 HIIT, three times per week for at least 12 weeks, is a powerful form of exercise to enhance vascular function.</description><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Body Fat Distribution</subject><subject>Brachial Artery - physiology</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - analysis</subject><subject>Coronary vessels</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin Resistance - physiology</subject><subject>Lipids - blood</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - physiology</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha</subject><subject>Physical Fitness - physiology</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Resistance Training - methods</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Sports Medicine</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic Review</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - blood</subject><issn>0112-1642</issn><issn>1179-2035</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkVFrFDEQx4Mo9lr9AL5IwBdfVmey2U3iWzlse9Ai6NnXJZvNXlN2s2eSrVw_iR_XHFdLEQSfJsz85h-GHyFvED4ggPgYOTChCsCqgJJhcf-MLBBzh0FZPScLQGQF1pwdkeMYbwGgkpy9JEesEgKFrBbk1_rG0tW41SbRqacXbnNTrHyyPrq0o_tXuNMDXQftvPMbem1DnCO9mjobdLJP2OXkk_PzlKeP9OTptY5mHnSgZ7M3yU3-E9X02y4mO-rkDP1q75z9SbXv6JVNujj1ethFF1-RF70eon39UE_I97PP6-VFcfnlfLU8vSwMF5gKUUrU0ApRtWVtW9myCupSdJ1RXPS9UdhK3oFtNeskVFzJrpOyRVWXuuSgyxPy_pC7DdOP2cbUjC4aOwza23xLg7VCJkEJ9R-oqKRgirOMvvsLvZ3mkE_bUxKZgJrLTOGBMmGKMdi-2QY36rBrEJq94eZguMmGm73h5j7vvH1IntvRdo8bf5RmgB2AmEd-Y8OTr_-Z-hsN3LKR</recordid><startdate>20150501</startdate><enddate>20150501</enddate><creator>Ramos, Joyce S.</creator><creator>Dalleck, Lance C.</creator><creator>Tjonna, Arnt Erik</creator><creator>Beetham, Kassia S.</creator><creator>Coombes, Jeff S.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150501</creationdate><title>The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Vascular Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</title><author>Ramos, Joyce S. ; Dalleck, Lance C. ; Tjonna, Arnt Erik ; Beetham, Kassia S. ; Coombes, Jeff S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-7381a0b775b36eb8b250637ddc947ffc91b84d0eba2d805498dd88b1963a340a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>Body Fat Distribution</topic><topic>Brachial Artery - physiology</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - analysis</topic><topic>Coronary vessels</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin Resistance - physiology</topic><topic>Lipids - blood</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - physiology</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha</topic><topic>Physical Fitness - physiology</topic><topic>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</topic><topic>Resistance Training - methods</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Sports Medicine</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systematic Review</topic><topic>Transcription Factors - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ramos, Joyce S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalleck, Lance C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tjonna, Arnt Erik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beetham, Kassia S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coombes, Jeff S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Sports medicine (Auckland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ramos, Joyce S.</au><au>Dalleck, Lance C.</au><au>Tjonna, Arnt Erik</au><au>Beetham, Kassia S.</au><au>Coombes, Jeff S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Vascular Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</atitle><jtitle>Sports medicine (Auckland)</jtitle><stitle>Sports Med</stitle><addtitle>Sports Med</addtitle><date>2015-05-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>679</spage><epage>692</epage><pages>679-692</pages><issn>0112-1642</issn><eissn>1179-2035</eissn><abstract>Background
Vascular dysfunction is a precursor to the atherosclerotic cascade, significantly increasing susceptibility to cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Previous studies have revealed a strong relationship between vascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Thus, since high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a potent method of improving CRF, several small randomized trials have investigated the impact on vascular function of HIIT relative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).
Objective
The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence and quantify the impact on vascular function of HIIT compared with MICT.
Methods
Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE) were searched (until May 2014) for randomized trials comparing the effect of at least 2 weeks of HIIT and MICT on vascular function. HIIT protocols involved predominantly aerobic exercise at a high intensity, interspersed with active or passive recovery periods. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the mean difference in the change in vascular function assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) from baseline to post-intervention between HIIT and MICT. The impact of HIIT versus MICT on CRF, traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and biomarkers associated with vascular function (oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance) was also reviewed across included studies.
Results
Seven randomized trials, including 182 patients, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A commonly used HIIT prescription was four intervals of 4 min (4 × 4 HIIT) at 85–95 % of maximum or peak heart rate (HR
max/peak
), interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 60–70 % HR
max/peak
, three times per week for 12–16 weeks. Brachial artery FMD improved by 4.31 and 2.15 % following HIIT and MICT, respectively. This resulted in a significant (
p
< 0.05) mean difference of 2.26 %. HIIT also had a greater tendency than MICT to induce positive effects on secondary outcome measures, including CRF, traditional CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity.
Conclusion
HIIT is more effective at improving brachial artery vascular function than MICT, perhaps due to its tendency to positively influence CRF, traditional CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. However, the variability in the secondary outcome measures, coupled with the small sample sizes in these studies, limits this finding. Nonetheless, this review suggests that 4 × 4 HIIT, three times per week for at least 12 weeks, is a powerful form of exercise to enhance vascular function.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>25771785</pmid><doi>10.1007/s40279-015-0321-z</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Sports medicine (Auckland), 2015-05, Vol.45 (5), p.679-692 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Bioavailability Blood Pressure - physiology Body Fat Distribution Brachial Artery - physiology C-Reactive Protein - analysis Coronary vessels Humans Insulin Resistance - physiology Lipids - blood Medicine Medicine & Public Health Nitric oxide Oxidative Stress - physiology Oxygen Consumption - physiology Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha Physical Fitness - physiology Regional Blood Flow - physiology Resistance Training - methods Rodents Sports Medicine Studies Systematic Review Transcription Factors - blood |
| title | The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Vascular Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
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