A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping)
•DF4nanoGrouping is a functionality-driven concept to group and test nanomaterials.•It addresses all aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathway.•It is functionality-driven by considering nanomaterial system-dependent properties.•In 3 Tiers, nanomaterials are assigned to 4 main gro...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology 2015-03, Vol.71 (2), p.S1-S27 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | S27 |
---|---|
container_issue | 2 |
container_start_page | S1 |
container_title | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology |
container_volume | 71 |
creator | Arts, Josje H.E. Hadi, Mackenzie Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel Keene, Athena M. Kreiling, Reinhard Lyon, Delina Maier, Monika Michel, Karin Petry, Thomas Sauer, Ursula G. Warheit, David Wiench, Karin Wohlleben, Wendel Landsiedel, Robert |
description | •DF4nanoGrouping is a functionality-driven concept to group and test nanomaterials.•It addresses all aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathway.•It is functionality-driven by considering nanomaterial system-dependent properties.•In 3 Tiers, nanomaterials are assigned to 4 main groups with further sub-grouping.•Nanomaterials are grouped by specific modes-of-action resulting in toxic effects.
The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) ‘Nano Task Force’ proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) that consists of 3 tiers to assign nanomaterials to 4 main groups, to perform sub-grouping within the main groups and to determine and refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathways, i.e. intrinsic material and system-dependent properties, biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, cellular and apical toxic effects. Use (including manufacture), release and route of exposure are applied as ‘qualifiers’ within the DF4nanoGrouping to determine if, e.g. nanomaterials cannot be released from a product matrix, which may justify the waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble nanomaterials, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio nanomaterials, (3) passive nanomaterials, and (4) active nanomaterials. The DF4nanoGrouping aims to group nanomaterials by their specific mode-of-action that results in an apical toxic effect. This is eventually directed by a nanomaterial’s intrinsic properties. However, since the exact correlation of intrinsic material properties and apical toxic effect is not yet established, the DF4nanoGrouping uses the ‘functionality’ of nanomaterials for grouping rather than relying on intrinsic material properties alone. Such functionalities include system-dependent material properties (such as dissolution rate in biologically relevant media), bio-physical interactions, in vitro effects and release and exposure. The DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard and risk assessment tool that applies modern toxicology and contributes to the sustainable development of nanotechnological products. It ensures that no studies are performed that do not provide crucial data and therefore saves animals and resources. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.03.007 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1691016236</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0273230015000549</els_id><sourcerecordid>1691016236</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-36377e2cacfb5a6d55f8ae9e72095e33f7492da63126ece05799c62e937d35513</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kD1PwzAQhi0EglL4BUgoIwwJZ7u244EB8VGQkFhgYrBc5wIuTVzsFMS_J6GFkckn33P32g8hRxQKClSezYuv2C1fCwZUFMALALVFRhS0zIFpsU1GwBTPGQfYI_spzQGAlaXaJXtMlLQEWY7I80VWofPJhzZv7JtvX7I62gY_Q3zL6hCz7hWzlxhWy6Fl2yrrMHVDHeqstW1obIfR20XKTq5uJsPNdEOfHpCdum_g4eYck6eb68fL2_z-YXp3eXGfuwlXXc4lVwqZs66eCSsrIerSokbFQAvkvFYTzSorOWUSHYJQWjvJUHNVcSEoH5OT9d5lDO-r_nmm8cnhYmFbDKtkqNSDMNYHjQlfoy6GlCLWZhl9Y-OXoWAGyMzNj1UzWDXATW-1nzreBKxmDVZ_M78ae-B8DWD_zQ-P0STnsXVY-YiuM1Xw_wZ8A9Akick</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1691016236</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping)</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>Arts, Josje H.E. ; Hadi, Mackenzie ; Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel ; Keene, Athena M. ; Kreiling, Reinhard ; Lyon, Delina ; Maier, Monika ; Michel, Karin ; Petry, Thomas ; Sauer, Ursula G. ; Warheit, David ; Wiench, Karin ; Wohlleben, Wendel ; Landsiedel, Robert</creator><creatorcontrib>Arts, Josje H.E. ; Hadi, Mackenzie ; Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel ; Keene, Athena M. ; Kreiling, Reinhard ; Lyon, Delina ; Maier, Monika ; Michel, Karin ; Petry, Thomas ; Sauer, Ursula G. ; Warheit, David ; Wiench, Karin ; Wohlleben, Wendel ; Landsiedel, Robert</creatorcontrib><description>•DF4nanoGrouping is a functionality-driven concept to group and test nanomaterials.•It addresses all aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathway.•It is functionality-driven by considering nanomaterial system-dependent properties.•In 3 Tiers, nanomaterials are assigned to 4 main groups with further sub-grouping.•Nanomaterials are grouped by specific modes-of-action resulting in toxic effects.
The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) ‘Nano Task Force’ proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) that consists of 3 tiers to assign nanomaterials to 4 main groups, to perform sub-grouping within the main groups and to determine and refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathways, i.e. intrinsic material and system-dependent properties, biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, cellular and apical toxic effects. Use (including manufacture), release and route of exposure are applied as ‘qualifiers’ within the DF4nanoGrouping to determine if, e.g. nanomaterials cannot be released from a product matrix, which may justify the waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble nanomaterials, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio nanomaterials, (3) passive nanomaterials, and (4) active nanomaterials. The DF4nanoGrouping aims to group nanomaterials by their specific mode-of-action that results in an apical toxic effect. This is eventually directed by a nanomaterial’s intrinsic properties. However, since the exact correlation of intrinsic material properties and apical toxic effect is not yet established, the DF4nanoGrouping uses the ‘functionality’ of nanomaterials for grouping rather than relying on intrinsic material properties alone. Such functionalities include system-dependent material properties (such as dissolution rate in biologically relevant media), bio-physical interactions, in vitro effects and release and exposure. The DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard and risk assessment tool that applies modern toxicology and contributes to the sustainable development of nanotechnological products. It ensures that no studies are performed that do not provide crucial data and therefore saves animals and resources.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-2300</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0295</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.03.007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25818068</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Apical toxic effects ; Biodistribution ; Biopersistence ; Cellular effects ; Ecotoxicology - legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecotoxicology - standards ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity ; Europe ; Grouping ; Humans ; Intrinsic material properties ; Nanomaterials ; Nanostructures - classification ; Nanostructures - toxicity ; Particle Size ; Read-across ; Risk assessment ; System-dependent properties ; Toxicity Tests</subject><ispartof>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2015-03, Vol.71 (2), p.S1-S27</ispartof><rights>2015 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-36377e2cacfb5a6d55f8ae9e72095e33f7492da63126ece05799c62e937d35513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-36377e2cacfb5a6d55f8ae9e72095e33f7492da63126ece05799c62e937d35513</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3756-1904</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.03.007$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25818068$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arts, Josje H.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hadi, Mackenzie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keene, Athena M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiling, Reinhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyon, Delina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maier, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michel, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petry, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauer, Ursula G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warheit, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiench, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wohlleben, Wendel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Landsiedel, Robert</creatorcontrib><title>A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping)</title><title>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</title><addtitle>Regul Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><description>•DF4nanoGrouping is a functionality-driven concept to group and test nanomaterials.•It addresses all aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathway.•It is functionality-driven by considering nanomaterial system-dependent properties.•In 3 Tiers, nanomaterials are assigned to 4 main groups with further sub-grouping.•Nanomaterials are grouped by specific modes-of-action resulting in toxic effects.
The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) ‘Nano Task Force’ proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) that consists of 3 tiers to assign nanomaterials to 4 main groups, to perform sub-grouping within the main groups and to determine and refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathways, i.e. intrinsic material and system-dependent properties, biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, cellular and apical toxic effects. Use (including manufacture), release and route of exposure are applied as ‘qualifiers’ within the DF4nanoGrouping to determine if, e.g. nanomaterials cannot be released from a product matrix, which may justify the waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble nanomaterials, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio nanomaterials, (3) passive nanomaterials, and (4) active nanomaterials. The DF4nanoGrouping aims to group nanomaterials by their specific mode-of-action that results in an apical toxic effect. This is eventually directed by a nanomaterial’s intrinsic properties. However, since the exact correlation of intrinsic material properties and apical toxic effect is not yet established, the DF4nanoGrouping uses the ‘functionality’ of nanomaterials for grouping rather than relying on intrinsic material properties alone. Such functionalities include system-dependent material properties (such as dissolution rate in biologically relevant media), bio-physical interactions, in vitro effects and release and exposure. The DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard and risk assessment tool that applies modern toxicology and contributes to the sustainable development of nanotechnological products. It ensures that no studies are performed that do not provide crucial data and therefore saves animals and resources.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apical toxic effects</subject><subject>Biodistribution</subject><subject>Biopersistence</subject><subject>Cellular effects</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology - standards</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>Grouping</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intrinsic material properties</subject><subject>Nanomaterials</subject><subject>Nanostructures - classification</subject><subject>Nanostructures - toxicity</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Read-across</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>System-dependent properties</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><issn>0273-2300</issn><issn>1096-0295</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kD1PwzAQhi0EglL4BUgoIwwJZ7u244EB8VGQkFhgYrBc5wIuTVzsFMS_J6GFkckn33P32g8hRxQKClSezYuv2C1fCwZUFMALALVFRhS0zIFpsU1GwBTPGQfYI_spzQGAlaXaJXtMlLQEWY7I80VWofPJhzZv7JtvX7I62gY_Q3zL6hCz7hWzlxhWy6Fl2yrrMHVDHeqstW1obIfR20XKTq5uJsPNdEOfHpCdum_g4eYck6eb68fL2_z-YXp3eXGfuwlXXc4lVwqZs66eCSsrIerSokbFQAvkvFYTzSorOWUSHYJQWjvJUHNVcSEoH5OT9d5lDO-r_nmm8cnhYmFbDKtkqNSDMNYHjQlfoy6GlCLWZhl9Y-OXoWAGyMzNj1UzWDXATW-1nzreBKxmDVZ_M78ae-B8DWD_zQ-P0STnsXVY-YiuM1Xw_wZ8A9Akick</recordid><startdate>20150315</startdate><enddate>20150315</enddate><creator>Arts, Josje H.E.</creator><creator>Hadi, Mackenzie</creator><creator>Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel</creator><creator>Keene, Athena M.</creator><creator>Kreiling, Reinhard</creator><creator>Lyon, Delina</creator><creator>Maier, Monika</creator><creator>Michel, Karin</creator><creator>Petry, Thomas</creator><creator>Sauer, Ursula G.</creator><creator>Warheit, David</creator><creator>Wiench, Karin</creator><creator>Wohlleben, Wendel</creator><creator>Landsiedel, Robert</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-1904</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20150315</creationdate><title>A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping)</title><author>Arts, Josje H.E. ; Hadi, Mackenzie ; Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel ; Keene, Athena M. ; Kreiling, Reinhard ; Lyon, Delina ; Maier, Monika ; Michel, Karin ; Petry, Thomas ; Sauer, Ursula G. ; Warheit, David ; Wiench, Karin ; Wohlleben, Wendel ; Landsiedel, Robert</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-36377e2cacfb5a6d55f8ae9e72095e33f7492da63126ece05799c62e937d35513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apical toxic effects</topic><topic>Biodistribution</topic><topic>Biopersistence</topic><topic>Cellular effects</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology - standards</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - toxicity</topic><topic>Europe</topic><topic>Grouping</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intrinsic material properties</topic><topic>Nanomaterials</topic><topic>Nanostructures - classification</topic><topic>Nanostructures - toxicity</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Read-across</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>System-dependent properties</topic><topic>Toxicity Tests</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Arts, Josje H.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hadi, Mackenzie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keene, Athena M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kreiling, Reinhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyon, Delina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maier, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michel, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petry, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sauer, Ursula G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Warheit, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wiench, Karin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wohlleben, Wendel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Landsiedel, Robert</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arts, Josje H.E.</au><au>Hadi, Mackenzie</au><au>Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel</au><au>Keene, Athena M.</au><au>Kreiling, Reinhard</au><au>Lyon, Delina</au><au>Maier, Monika</au><au>Michel, Karin</au><au>Petry, Thomas</au><au>Sauer, Ursula G.</au><au>Warheit, David</au><au>Wiench, Karin</au><au>Wohlleben, Wendel</au><au>Landsiedel, Robert</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping)</atitle><jtitle>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Regul Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2015-03-15</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>71</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>S1</spage><epage>S27</epage><pages>S1-S27</pages><issn>0273-2300</issn><eissn>1096-0295</eissn><abstract>•DF4nanoGrouping is a functionality-driven concept to group and test nanomaterials.•It addresses all aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathway.•It is functionality-driven by considering nanomaterial system-dependent properties.•In 3 Tiers, nanomaterials are assigned to 4 main groups with further sub-grouping.•Nanomaterials are grouped by specific modes-of-action resulting in toxic effects.
The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) ‘Nano Task Force’ proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) that consists of 3 tiers to assign nanomaterials to 4 main groups, to perform sub-grouping within the main groups and to determine and refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a nanomaterial’s life cycle and biological pathways, i.e. intrinsic material and system-dependent properties, biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, cellular and apical toxic effects. Use (including manufacture), release and route of exposure are applied as ‘qualifiers’ within the DF4nanoGrouping to determine if, e.g. nanomaterials cannot be released from a product matrix, which may justify the waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble nanomaterials, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio nanomaterials, (3) passive nanomaterials, and (4) active nanomaterials. The DF4nanoGrouping aims to group nanomaterials by their specific mode-of-action that results in an apical toxic effect. This is eventually directed by a nanomaterial’s intrinsic properties. However, since the exact correlation of intrinsic material properties and apical toxic effect is not yet established, the DF4nanoGrouping uses the ‘functionality’ of nanomaterials for grouping rather than relying on intrinsic material properties alone. Such functionalities include system-dependent material properties (such as dissolution rate in biologically relevant media), bio-physical interactions, in vitro effects and release and exposure. The DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard and risk assessment tool that applies modern toxicology and contributes to the sustainable development of nanotechnological products. It ensures that no studies are performed that do not provide crucial data and therefore saves animals and resources.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>25818068</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.03.007</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-1904</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0273-2300 |
ispartof | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2015-03, Vol.71 (2), p.S1-S27 |
issn | 0273-2300 1096-0295 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1691016236 |
source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
subjects | Animals Apical toxic effects Biodistribution Biopersistence Cellular effects Ecotoxicology - legislation & jurisprudence Ecotoxicology - standards Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - toxicity Europe Grouping Humans Intrinsic material properties Nanomaterials Nanostructures - classification Nanostructures - toxicity Particle Size Read-across Risk assessment System-dependent properties Toxicity Tests |
title | A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-23T15%3A27%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20decision-making%20framework%20for%20the%20grouping%20and%20testing%20of%20nanomaterials%20(DF4nanoGrouping)&rft.jtitle=Regulatory%20toxicology%20and%20pharmacology&rft.au=Arts,%20Josje%20H.E.&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=S1&rft.epage=S27&rft.pages=S1-S27&rft.issn=0273-2300&rft.eissn=1096-0295&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.03.007&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1691016236%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1691016236&rft_id=info:pmid/25818068&rft_els_id=S0273230015000549&rfr_iscdi=true |