Cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases in females: The role of microvasculature and dysfunctional endothelium
Abstract Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are becoming increasingly frequent and associated with a high incidence of CV events, disability and death. It is known that there is a relationship between CV burden and systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) that is mainly due to inflammation and autoimmunity, bu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Atherosclerosis 2015-07, Vol.241 (1), p.259-263 |
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| creator | Gianturco, L Bodini, B.D Atzeni, F Colombo, C Stella, D Sarzi-Puttini, P Drago, L Galaverna, S Turiel, M |
| description | Abstract Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are becoming increasingly frequent and associated with a high incidence of CV events, disability and death. It is known that there is a relationship between CV burden and systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) that is mainly due to inflammation and autoimmunity, but the other mechanisms underlying the high CV risk of SAD patients have not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this review article is to discuss some of the specific factors associated with the accelerated atherosclerosis (ATS) characterising SADs (female sex, the microcirculation and the endothelium) in order to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis and the prompt implementation of preventive measures, as well as the possible role of new therapeutic strategies such as vaccine immunomodulation. Finally, as the natural history of ATS begins with endothelial injury (a potentially reversible process that is influenced by various factors) and microvascular damage plays a central role in the etiopathogenesis of SADs, it underlines the crucial need for the development of reliable means of detecting sub-clinical abnormalities in the microcirculation, particularly coronary microcirculation dysfunction. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.044 |
| format | Article |
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It is known that there is a relationship between CV burden and systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) that is mainly due to inflammation and autoimmunity, but the other mechanisms underlying the high CV risk of SAD patients have not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this review article is to discuss some of the specific factors associated with the accelerated atherosclerosis (ATS) characterising SADs (female sex, the microcirculation and the endothelium) in order to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis and the prompt implementation of preventive measures, as well as the possible role of new therapeutic strategies such as vaccine immunomodulation. Finally, as the natural history of ATS begins with endothelial injury (a potentially reversible process that is influenced by various factors) and microvascular damage plays a central role in the etiopathogenesis of SADs, it underlines the crucial need for the development of reliable means of detecting sub-clinical abnormalities in the microcirculation, particularly coronary microcirculation dysfunction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9150</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1484</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.044</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25863777</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Autoimmune diseases ; Autoimmune Diseases - immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases - physiopathology ; Autoimmunity ; Cardiovascular ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - immunology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology ; Comorbidity ; Endothelial dysfunction ; Endothelium, Vascular - immunology ; Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology ; Female ; Females ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Microvessels - immunology ; Microvessels - physiopathology ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>Atherosclerosis, 2015-07, Vol.241 (1), p.259-263</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 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It is known that there is a relationship between CV burden and systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) that is mainly due to inflammation and autoimmunity, but the other mechanisms underlying the high CV risk of SAD patients have not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this review article is to discuss some of the specific factors associated with the accelerated atherosclerosis (ATS) characterising SADs (female sex, the microcirculation and the endothelium) in order to highlight the importance of an early diagnosis and the prompt implementation of preventive measures, as well as the possible role of new therapeutic strategies such as vaccine immunomodulation. Finally, as the natural history of ATS begins with endothelial injury (a potentially reversible process that is influenced by various factors) and microvascular damage plays a central role in the etiopathogenesis of SADs, it underlines the crucial need for the development of reliable means of detecting sub-clinical abnormalities in the microcirculation, particularly coronary microcirculation dysfunction.</description><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Autoimmune Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Autoimmunity</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Endothelial dysfunction</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - immunology</subject><subject>Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Health Status Disparities</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microcirculation</subject><subject>Microvessels - immunology</subject><subject>Microvessels - physiopathology</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0021-9150</issn><issn>1879-1484</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUGLFDEQhRtR3HH1L0gugpduK9PpJCMoyKCrsODB9Rxqk2o2Y7qzJp2F-femnV0PexJCksN7VfW-apo3HDoOXL47dLjcUIrZhvX2udsCHzroOxDiSbPhWu1aLrR42mwAtrzd8QHOmhc5HwBAKK6fN2fbQcteKbVppj0m5-MdZlsCJoazY1iW6KepzMScz4SZMvMzG2nCQPk9u7ohlmIgFkc2eZse3EtJ9LeAO-axzHbxccbAaHaxjhx8mV42z0YMmV7dv-fNzy-fr_Zf28vvF9_2ny5bO3CxtKMARZJf95ZAazu4XlqtSCNJ4rCzOIxqkL3YoUWJXOGowUrhcCA5CrL9efP2VPc2xd-F8mImny2FgDPFkg2XWgP0gxJV-uEkrTlyTjSa2-QnTEfDwazEzcE8Im5W4gZ6U4lX_-v7VuV6IvfP_YC4Ci5OAqqB7zwlk62n2ZLziexiXPT_3erjo0o2-NlbDL_oSPkQS6q8azqTtwbMj3X96_brqT-l-z8QTrQq</recordid><startdate>20150701</startdate><enddate>20150701</enddate><creator>Gianturco, L</creator><creator>Bodini, B.D</creator><creator>Atzeni, F</creator><creator>Colombo, C</creator><creator>Stella, D</creator><creator>Sarzi-Puttini, P</creator><creator>Drago, L</creator><creator>Galaverna, S</creator><creator>Turiel, M</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-8164</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20150701</creationdate><title>Cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases in females: The role of microvasculature and dysfunctional endothelium</title><author>Gianturco, L ; Bodini, B.D ; Atzeni, F ; Colombo, C ; Stella, D ; Sarzi-Puttini, P ; Drago, L ; Galaverna, S ; Turiel, M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c514t-f407e61b3ce088c5d36c87e8ae6e109ca5f756349aca6a17af80c64da5e6f4ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Autoimmune diseases</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Autoimmune Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Autoimmunity</topic><topic>Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Endothelial dysfunction</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - immunology</topic><topic>Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Health Status Disparities</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microcirculation</topic><topic>Microvessels - immunology</topic><topic>Microvessels - physiopathology</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gianturco, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodini, B.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Atzeni, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colombo, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stella, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarzi-Puttini, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drago, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galaverna, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turiel, M</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Atherosclerosis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gianturco, L</au><au>Bodini, B.D</au><au>Atzeni, F</au><au>Colombo, C</au><au>Stella, D</au><au>Sarzi-Puttini, P</au><au>Drago, L</au><au>Galaverna, S</au><au>Turiel, M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases in females: The role of microvasculature and dysfunctional endothelium</atitle><jtitle>Atherosclerosis</jtitle><addtitle>Atherosclerosis</addtitle><date>2015-07-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>241</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>259</spage><epage>263</epage><pages>259-263</pages><issn>0021-9150</issn><eissn>1879-1484</eissn><abstract>Abstract Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are becoming increasingly frequent and associated with a high incidence of CV events, disability and death. 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| subjects | Autoimmune diseases Autoimmune Diseases - immunology Autoimmune Diseases - physiopathology Autoimmunity Cardiovascular Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - immunology Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology Comorbidity Endothelial dysfunction Endothelium, Vascular - immunology Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology Female Females Health Status Disparities Humans Male Microcirculation Microvessels - immunology Microvessels - physiopathology Prognosis Risk Assessment Risk Factors Sex Factors Time Factors |
| title | Cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases in females: The role of microvasculature and dysfunctional endothelium |
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